Chapter 818 Russia's Debt Crisis
"Actually, I only have one additional condition, which is that I hope that Russia can use its influence to help our Jiang family consortium obtain mineral exploration and mining rights in Mongolia." Jiang Feng made his own request to Putin in response to his questions. "As for my investment in Russia, I can also consider sole proprietorship, joint ventures, and even if I have no more than 49% of the equity in some joint ventures, it is enough to show our sincerity."
After hearing Jiang Feng's request, Putin's heart suddenly felt much more relaxed. What he was most worried about was that Jiang Feng lion spoke loudly. Jiang Feng expressed his willingness to invest tens of billions of dollars into the Russian resource market, which was also a very big deal for Putin, but he was also worried that Jiang Feng's asking price was too high and that he could not make any choices.
As a result, Jiang Feng did not have much luxury at this time and said that the acquisition of controlling rights may not be certain, but proposed a compromise condition for entering the Mongolian resource market, which surprised Putin a little.
However, sacrificing the interests of other countries is much better than sacrificing one's own interests.
It is true that Mongolia split from China under the instigation of the former Soviet Union. At that time, the Soviets did use Mongolia as a springboard to enter China and stationed a large number of troops. But now it seems that Mongolia, which has lost its military significance, is already a useless rib for Russia. As long as it is not directly established in Mongolia to threaten Russia's national security, what is the mining of a mine?
Could it be that the resources of the little Mongolian country can still surpass Russia?
Putin felt that the condition proposed by Jiang Feng was really irresistible.
When Lenin was alive, he once said that he would return the Asian land plundered by the Tsar to the Asian people. He promised that when the Chinese revolution was successful, Mongolia would naturally become a part of China.
But after Lenin's death, Stalin completely betrayed Lenin's promise, and he killed a deputy minister of the Ministry of Defense who had recorded his speech to Lenin, and then refused to admit what Lenin said. From then on, he could no longer hear the voice of returning to Mongolia in the Soviet Union. The Soviet army has been staying in Outer Mongolia.
In February 1945, at the Yalta Conference on the end of World War II, the important issue of the United States and Britain was to win the Soviet Union to participate in the war against Japan, thereby reducing their own losses. In order to achieve this goal, they did not hesitate to sell out China's interests, agreed to the unreasonable demands of the Soviet Union, and accepted the current situation of Outer Mongolia, that is, to recognize and demand that China recognize the "Mongolian People's Republic."
This transaction was actually conducted between Roosevelt and Stalin. Chiang Kai-shek did not receive Roosevelt's support. Faced with Stalin's heavy pressure, he signed the Sino-Soviet Friendship and Alliance Treaty with the Soviet Union in a helpless manner, and formally recognized the right of the "Mongolian People's Republic" to vote for independence.
This huge price was finally exchanged for the Soviet Union to send troops to Northeast China, but Japan then quickly announced an unconditional surrender, making the Soviet Union's action to send troops to Northeast China meaningless.
After retreating to Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek was indignant that Stalin did not abide by the provisions of the Sino-Soviet Friendship Alliance Treaty, and sued the Soviet Union at the United Nations on the grounds of the Soviet breach of contract. This was the so-called "Soviet Crime". Although the mainland had changed hands at that time, Chiang Kai-shek still had the right to represent the United Nations and was a permanent member of the Security Council. He declared the Sino-Soviet Friendship Alliance Treaty to expire, thus not recognizing Outer Mongolia's independence, which the United Nations recognized. This is the legal basis for the "China-China-Republic-Country" map in Taiwan to date.
After the founding of New China, everything was in trouble and needed a lot of assistance from the Soviet Union. The founding head of state visited the Soviet Union for the first time. He originally planned to discuss the land and Outer Mongolia issues north of Heilongjiang and east of Lake Balkash with Stalin, but was ignored by Stalin.
After Stalin passed away and Khrushchev came to power, the country began to negotiate with the Soviet Union again, trying to resolve some historical issues including Mongolia. Through negotiations, the Soviet Union returned the Luda Army Port and the management rights of the Northeast Railway. However, when China raised the Mongolian issue, it was flatly rejected by Khrushchev, and China once again lost the opportunity to regain Mongolia's sovereignty.
At this time, it is impossible to take back Mongolia. Therefore, although Putin used this brain, he did not expect Jiang Feng to have any other ideas. After all, that is unrealistic.
Mongolia has iron, coal mines, oil and other mineral resources, which is certain, but as Russia, its own domestic resources cannot be exploited, so why bother to worry about other people’s wealth?
Putin understands that Jiang Feng wants to obtain the mineral exploration and mining rights of Mongolia. After all, Mongolia is very close to China and the transportation cost after mining is relatively small, which also meets the requirements of maximizing economic returns.
"We cannot interfere with the internal affairs of other countries..." Putin thought for a while and said to Jiang Feng.
Jiang Feng immediately curled his lips and thought to himself that you used to be directly stationed troops, which can be called not interfering in the internal affairs of other countries? Or they have long treated Mongolia as their own vegetable garden, and of course they do not regard Mongolia as another country, so naturally there is no saying that they interfere in the internal affairs of other countries.
Putin went on to say, "But we can influence their decisions."
After hearing this, Jiang Feng suddenly felt like he wanted to curse people. He thought that once he became a politician, he would be in a circumstantial manner. Even a person like Putin who has always been regarded as a straightforward person cannot avoid the vulgarity.
Of course, Jiang Feng was not interested in whether Putin interferes in other people's internal affairs or exerts certain influence on others. What he cares about is that Putin can allow himself to enter Mongolia's resource market and at the same time occupy a large market share in Russia's resource market, so that he can achieve his expected goals.
In order to increase the temptation of Putin, Jiang Feng then said: "I looked at it. At present, Russia's foreign and domestic debts are 520 billion US dollars. The pressure is still relatively high. In order to show my sincerity, I can even pay about 50 billion US dollars in advance as economic aid to help Russia get rid of the economic oppression of Western countries as soon as possible. This part is interest-free economic aid. Of course, if your country's government exchanges some resources, I will never be able to do it."
Russia has been facing a debt crisis since it was independent.
In the first few years after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia faced the problem of repaying the huge external debt owed by the Soviet Union. In 1992, of the $15.6 billion that should have been repaid, only $1.8 billion was repaid, while in 1993, only $19.6 billion was supposed to have been repaid, but only $2.5 billion was repaid. Russia experienced a serious debt crisis and the country urgently needed monetary assistance.
During this period, the main purpose of Russia's debt policy was to find new creditors in the International Monetary Fund. To this end, Russia joined the International Monetary Fund and the International Development Bank in 1992 in order to get the support of world creditors. However, as a loan condition, the International Monetary Fund asked Russia to report in detail the operating conditions and fiscal activities of the national economy every week. As a result, by January 1, 1995, Russia's foreign debt had reached US$119.9 billion, including
Including the US$108.6 billion owed by the Soviet Union, plus US$11.3 billion in new debts. By January 1, 1999, Russia's foreign debt reached US$155.4 billion, of which US$100.4 billion in foreign debt and US$55 billion in new debts. It can be seen that Russia's debt burden has been increasing year by year. The amount of national debt in the Russian Federation is 190% of the federal budget revenue. In this case, the total amount of the state repays domestic and foreign debt principal and interest in 2002 exceeded 25% of the federal budget expenditure.
The management of foreign debt is one of the most prominent problems in Russia's economic development. On July 1, 2002, the amount of foreign debt of the state-controlled agencies of the Russian Federation reached US$108.5 billion, including US$58.3 billion in Soviet foreign debt (of which US$38.4 billion belongs to the Paris Club) and US$49.3 billion in new foreign debt. Among the US$49.3 billion in new foreign debt, US$25.6 billion in foreign exchange securities, US$15.6 billion in European unified currency and US$14.2 billion in loans from the International Monetary Fund.
Since 1999, Russia has entered a peak period for debt repayment, and its principal and interest on foreign debt repayment every year approaches from US$15 billion to US$20 billion. However, thanks to the improvement of Russia's economic situation year by year, foreign trade revenue has increased significantly and foreign trade has continued to maintain a surplus of gold and foreign exchange reserves and budget surplus. Gone are the era of Russian government borrowing money from the West to spend their days, and the peak debt repayment year has been safe and safe.
Although it has overcome one debt after another, its overall debt scale is still huge, and now it has exceeded 500 billion US dollars, and Russia's debt repayment burden is still heavy.
Roughly estimated that Russia's debt ratio, debt repayment ratio and debt ratio in 2002 were 67%, 40% and 140%, respectively, which has exceeded the internationally recognized security warning line (30% to 35%, 25% and 100%). In the past four years, Russia has repaid a total of US$50 billion in foreign debt, especially during the peak period of the new round of debt repayment, that is, in 2003, it has slowed down the national debt crisis.
Chapter completed!