Speaking of Manchu people worshiping ancestors, it has different characteristics compared to the Han people. Here, the author takes the opportunity to use two chapters to introduce them in detail, so that you can understand how Manchu people worship their ancestors and ancestors? Let’s share the story of Manchu people worshiping ancestors. The tradition of Manchu people worshiping ancestors and gods and Buddhas in heaven and earth has a long history. Due to their specific environment and conditions, the Manchu people in rural areas have their own distinct characteristics in the form of memorial.

(I) The Manchus' ancestors' offerings

The Manchus respected their ancestors very much, calling their ancestors "ancestors", and offering their ancestors is called "lifting their positions". The ancestors are called "changing their positions" because of their age. The pigs used to worship ancestors are called "selecting pigs" or "sacrificing pigs". Manchus who live a prosperous life all have their positions. There is a saying among the people: "Life is prosperous, respecting their ancestors, and having a big dog, a fat child."

The slab is two rectangular wooden boards, about two feet long and about eight inches wide, with carved flowers on three sides. The Manchus are large in the west, and the slab is placed on the west wall, and no one is allowed to sit on the west kang. Four characters are engraved in front of each slab, "Steaming and Tasting for a hundred generations" is engraved on the south slab, and the slab is engraved on the north slab: "Stock and Beans" (these eight characters are recorded in the "Book of Songs", indicating that descendants will worship their ancestors for generations). In front of the slab, it is made of wooden, four inches square and two inches high, with a slot on the top, and lotus flowers are engraved on the front. Three slabs on the south slab are placed on the north slab, and four inches incense plate are placed on the north slab, offering seven.

This way of setting up shows that we are from Qidaogou, Changbai Mountain. I set up six incense discs in the Zhao family, which means that the Zhao family is from Liudaogou. The Hong family set up an incense disc, which means that the Hong family is from Yidaogou. I saw a yellow manchu color (yellow hanging money) on the front of the Hong family's board, which is the rule for their heads to offer their ancestors. My family's two seat plates, the south board is one inch higher than the north board, and the incense disc is completely buttered. When setting up the seat, the carpenter must use a lucky star ruler to arrange the size with a lucky star ruler, and the length and size must meet the "luck star" on the ruler.

For ancestors, burn Dazi incense {2}, do not use ordinary incense. Dazi incense is also known as "Mountain Mountain Red". It blooms the earliest in spring, and then grows leaves, and the fragrance is refreshing when it blooms. This plant is everywhere in Yilan County. When burning Dazi incense, please bring down the incense plate from the plate, put clean ash in the plate, and then roll the Dazi incense into fragrant noodles, put it in the groove, and light it. Lighting Dazi incense is called Paixiang. Putting clean ash first is to prevent burning the incense disc.

A large red paper with a large red paper is posted on the lower part of the two slabs, and a "Su Villa" is posted on the bottom of the character "Fu". "Su Villa" is a painting painted in blue, black and white pink. There is a pine forest on it, a mountain in the distance, water in the near, a small bridge in front, and lotus under the bridge, and several houses beside the pine forest. Because it is a scoop painting, it is called "Su Villa".

The ancestors are not allowed to wear filial piety clothes. People wearing filial piety clothes are not allowed to enter the ancestral hall. If they want to cut off a piece of filial piety clothes when they go in, it means that the filial piety clothes have been invalidated. If the family of the tribe is doing funerals, the ancestors must be covered with curtains.

(II) The ancestor worship of the Manchus

The sacrificial tools used to worship ancestors are generally:

For a floor table (rectangular) ornament.

A tank (rectangular) must be able to put a pig weighing 180 kilograms, and the tank basin is placed on the floor.

Two sheets of kang table (rectangular) for cake stickers.

Two small square plates, use the ornament to serve meat.

Eight pieces of log plate for sticking cakes.

There is a curtain stand, one piece of green and yellow cloth, each piece three feet away.

A soron pole {4} is nine feet tall, and one is on top of the flag.

A small porcelain jar for rice wine.

A wine pot and use it for a pig.

It is offered to five pieces of plate for sacrifice to the crow.

The ancestor worship is to invite the ancestors to a banquet, also called the ordering of pigs, which is usually done after the harvest in October. In addition, the wishes are made due to illness, and whether the disease is good or not, they must be fulfilled. They say that this is a "wish" and "returning them silently". The pigs used for ancestor worship are called ordering of pigs or sacrifice pigs, which are usually piglets from the family, with completely black hair, two boars and one sow. After castrating, they are fed with special people, and they are not allowed to be beaten and scolded. The pigs are not allowed to be killed. They must be used to use a drill (that is, insert the pig's throat with a steel brazing, suffocating the pig to death, and not blowing the hair when it is removed). In winter, the pigs are fattened and the yard is cleaned up, so they notify families from far and near to set a date and gather together to celebrate the harvest.

Whenever this happens, the children and grandchildren miss their ancestors and pay homage to their ancestors for the joyful harvest. So, men, women, young and old, everyone starts to prepare for worshiping ancestors. The old lady picks cloud beans, and young women wash yellow rice. Rice wine (i.e. yellow sprinkles, also known as "mier wine") have long been made. Some men wear curtains for steaming and sticky cakes, while others rub tie ropes. During the ancestor worship, they are not allowed to smoke, drink, and noisy or gossip. They should listen to the old people talking about the "Guicheng" {5} (Manchu language, that is, rules). For example, the rolled yellow rice flour and the good cloud beans must be placed on the west kang. The ropes are rubbed, and those who wear the curtains must kneel on one leg. These are all the Guichengs passed down.

On the first day of worshiping ancestors, women get up before dawn, sprinkle noodles and steam cakes, and then lit them in the east. Two kang tables are placed on the two kangs, and the upper curtain poles are erected. During the day, they are hung with yellow curtains, and seven incense dishes are placed on them, and a special person takes care of the cake pan. First, four sticky cakes are placed in square plates, and placed in four round plates on the north table in order. Then, four sticky cakes are raised, and they are placed in four round plates on the south table. Gui is all cooked, and everyone kneels down to start drinking wine. The owner fills three cups of rice wine to his ancestors. The entourage {6} who are in charge of worshiping ancestors shouts kowtow, and a total of seven heads are kowtowed. After the ceremony, they start eating sticky cakes. There are no knot mats on the north and south kowtows, and chopsticks are not used to use sorghum sticks. At this time, if passers-by enter the house, they can eat them casually, saying that this is the rule left by King Han (Nurhaci) when digging a "stick hammer" in the mountains.

After eating sticky cake, I started to take pigs (not to mention catching pigs or killing pigs, or to call pigs). The pig man went to the pig pen to tie the pigs and carried them back to the front of the ancestors. The first pig (the castrated boar) was for worshiping the ancestors. First, tied a rope with a wine pot and tied it to the well to get rootless water (water that does not fall to the ground). Everyone knelt down, the priest held the wine cup in his hand, and the other person poured water into the cup with the wine pot, and then the owner poured the water into the pig's left ear. When did the pig's ears flutter, and the pig man shouted "Yeah!" That is, the ancestors took the feud and the ancestors received the ceremony.

At this time, the whole person kowtowed seven times and started to pick the pig. After removing the hair, it was unloaded into large pieces. This is called a piece. Then put it in the pot and cook it for 70% to cook before it can be decorated. When the master is decorated, he puts the floor table in front of him, puts a basin on top, and uses a small square plate to hold the meat into the house. He takes the pot and puts it in the basin in order. The pieces must be made into a whole pig lying in the basin, with the pig's back covered with flower towels, and the owner kneels down to worship. After a while, he takes a break and removes the meat. The family sits on two kangs to eat tiger meat (not to mention pork), and eats millet rice and meat dipped in salty salt soup. Eating vegetables is like eating sticky cakes, without using chopsticks, and eating them on the spot. This is like a scene where Han Wang digs a "barrel" to eat tiger meat. Passers-by kowtow to his ancestors, and eats them casually without anyone stopping them.

After eating the meat, it was just a break. People drank boiled water and the elderly told some rules for worshiping ancestors. Children were willing to listen to the story of Buddha-head mother. Some young people also had to learn the sacrificial songs {8} and the Awabu secret songs {9} that Manren got married. At this time, no one paid special attention to the rules and politeness. After resting, they were ready to take the second pig. The second pig (the castrated sow) was sacrificed to Buddha-head mother. The pig was unloaded and cooked and was placed in the trough basin, and placed in the south plate. Because it was evening, there was a green curtain hanging. During the sacrifice, water was poured into the right ear of the pig.
Chapter completed!