The main reason for not being able to do it is that he is too busy and practices day and night, so how can he have time to invent it?

Well, it’s definitely not that he is a master of high expectations and is not a material for scientific research...

However, there is no way to make a contribution. At least a few years of hard work made him think clearly about all the technical difficulties and how to go next. So in the fourth year of Wanli, when he handed over this glorious and arduous task to Zhang Jian, he clearly pointed out the direction and steps of the research!

First, Zhao Hao decided to bypass the wired telegram and go directly to the radio!

Although the principle of wired telegraph machines is simpler, long-distance transmission is a big problem. Especially since it needs to cross several oceans, just thinking about how to make and erect cables worth tens of thousands of kilometers long makes it as big as a bucket.

It is actually okay to manufacture it. The group's wire drawing machines are already very mature and can supply barbed wire with coast guards. It is at least technically not difficult to pull copper wires worth tens of thousands of kilometers long.

Moreover, the ancient taro glue used for undersea cable wrapping can be extracted from Eucommia ulmoides. It is not too difficult to find the ancient taro tree directly from the rain forests in Southeast Asia.

But the question is, how to set up cables of tens of thousands of kilometers? Electric poles must be installed on land, and copper wires are wrapped in rubber! You must not put wires in front, but someone will secretly cut them in the back?

Well, even if he was willing to do so, he sent tens of thousands of people to garrison along the line. But what should I do if the line at the bottom of the sea? Although there is no need to worry about stealing, with his current technical level, he has no confidence to keep the wires of tens of thousands of kilometers, and the rubber can not crack at all. Wherever he cracks, the copper wire directly contacts the sea water, the current will be dissipated and the communication will be interrupted. I don’t know where to repair it.

Moreover, the mobilization of the telegraph lines is completely inconsistent with his "finite generation difference theory". Isn't that explicitly telling Europeans how to achieve long-distance communication?

Radio is much better. Small radio stations are extremely confidential. As long as you strictly abide by the confidentiality regulations, it is possible to keep them confidential for a long time.

Although no matter how confidential it is, the opponent will eventually infer that we have a secret method of long-distance communication.

But you can also rely on mysteries to confuse snoops, such as saying radio technology is the Taoist technique of "Thousand Miles of Meaning". If you want to learn, find Taoist temples to become disciples and practice...

This is the original intention of Zhao Hao to name the Institute of Electromagnetics Research Institute.

How was radio technology born in another space and time?

It comes from the relay of the great scientific man who tortured middle school students. In 1820 AD, Oster discovered the physical phenomenon that electric current can produce magnetism.

11 years later, Faraday discovered the law of electromagnetic induction on this basis.

Another 42 years later, Maxwell proposed the electromagnetic field theory and described some characteristics of electromagnetic waves, laying the theoretical foundation for the birth of radio.

15 years later, Hertz discovered through experiments that high voltages were added to both ends of the coil to spark, and then radio waves were emitted from the spark, which could generate current in the distant coil, and generate and receive radio waves in the laboratory for the first time.

At this point, all the conditions for radio generation have matured. Unfortunately, Hertz did not expect the great use of radio and only published his own research and paper to deal with it.

As a result, the Italian Marconi picked peaches a few years later... Of course, the Russians insisted that it was Popov who invented the radio.

What Zhao Hao is preparing to restore is the spark transmitter invented by Popov.

Its construction is simple, without the need for transistors and electronic tubes, as well as any electronic components beyond the 16th century level, and the required materials are completely within the manufacturing capacity of the Xishan Island Research Center.

You only need to collect seven dragon balls to summon the dragon. You only need to collect seven parts to form a spark transmitter that can be used normally and can spread thousands of miles.

The seven components are: bonds, batteries, boost coils, capacitors, spark gaps, antennas and ground.

When the bond is closed, the powerful current provided by the battery becomes high voltage through the boost coil and is loaded into the capacitor. The capacitor is connected to the metal spheres at both ends of the spark ball. When the two poles of the capacitor are loaded on the voltage on two small metal spheres on the spark gap, which is so high that it can break through the air gap, a spark discharge is generated.

According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, spark discharge produces oscillating electromagnetic waves, and the electromagnetic waves radiate outward through the antenna, which is a radio wave.

By controlling the length and interval of the closure of the electric key, long or short radio waves can be obtained, encoded according to certain rules, and can be used to transmit information. This is the radio transmission.

The next step is how to produce components that meet the needs one by one.

The electric key is the thing the sender presses in the film and television drama. It is actually the power switch of the transmitter. The only difference is that the switch cannot be popped up when pressed, and the electric key will pop up after it is released. However, there is no way, it is just adding a reed under the button.

So the research team worked on the electric keys very early, and now they are all using the third generation. The beautiful brass button is installed on the electric key frame of the rosewood, and two contact levers, one front and one back, are extended under the button. Press half of the buttons, and the previous contact levers come into contact with the contacts on the electric key frame; press all the buttons, and both contact levers come into contact with the contacts, so that the length of the signal can be clearly distinguished.

Then there is the battery, which is not difficult. Although dry batteries cannot be made, wet batteries have a long history, which can be traced back to 1,800 years ago. When the Baghdad inserted an iron rod and a zinc cylinder into a clay pot filled with vinegar, they could convert chemical energy into electrical energy well and used it for a long time.

Of course, the real battery is another voltaic stack invented by volts in space-time, that is, the battery pack.

He stacked the silver plate and the zinc plate together, spaced apart with a damp cloth containing salt water. In this way, three pieces are grouped into one unit, and an electric current can be controlled and stored.

Although the voltage generated by a single unit is very low, he found through subsequent experiments that as long as the units are stacked in sequence, the current can be significantly enhanced. About six units are serially connected, a voltage of 4 volts can be generated. This voltage is nothing in later generations. It can be done by stringing a few small batteries, but it can already provide sufficient electrical energy for scientific experiments.

Middle school physics knowledge tells us that although Volt invented the battery and obtained the naming rights of voltage, his understanding of the principle of power generation is wrong. It is not possible to generate electricity by contact between two metals. In fact, metal reacts chemically with salt water. Therefore, it will be much better to directly insert zinc rods and silver rods into the electrolyte.

Zhao Hao initially planned to let Zhang Jian and his team use this improved tank-type voltaic battery to power it. He took it for granted that low voltage was nothing more than connecting more than a dozen or twenty units in series, and it could always meet the requirements.

However, in practical applications, the team found that the power generation of the voltaic battery is far from the theoretical value, and the battery voltage will gradually decrease until it is completely scrapped.

After research, Xu Guangqi found that during the battery operation, many bubbles will gather on the silver rod. As the reaction continues, more and more bubbles will become more and more, and the battery will lose its discharge ability simultaneously.

He speculated that these bubbles hindered the spread of charge in the liquid and made the battery invalid. He collected these bubbles and found that it was actually hydrogen. Now he was even more afraid to use this kind of battery.

There are so many batteries working together. If the ventilation is not done well, the hydrogen released will accumulate to a large extent. The spark generator will spark and directly cremate the entire staff...

The solution he came up with was to insert two metal rods into different electrolytes and use another electrolyte to consume the hydrogen produced during the zinc reaction.

After repeated experiments, Xu Guangqi invented a dual-liquid battery. This battery has a cylindrical ceramic shell and a small cylindrical hollow glass cylinder, and the bottom of the cylinder is tightened by a pig bladder membrane.

He injected copper sulfate solution into the inner liner, inserted the copper rod, and injected zinc sulfate solution into the outer liner, inserting the zinc rod. The two electrolytes were connected through a natural semipermeable membrane of the pig bladder.

This battery not only solves the problem that the voltage of the voltaic battery is prone to drop, but also can be charged and used repeatedly, so it is also a kind of battery. It is a great improvement, and Zhao Hao happily named it "Light-Starting Battery"!

The power for this test was provided by eight optical cells connected in series.

The third one is the boost coil. This is simple, it is to wrap the coil. Mr. Zhao entangled it when he was studying and was still very confident about this step. The number of primary coils is very small, and it is enough to wrap twenty rubber wires. The wires of the secondary coil should be as thin as possible, so that they can be wrapped a few more turns.

According to the principle of electromagnetic induction, theoretically, the multiple of the number of turns of the two is the multiple of the voltage increase. It is probably 20,000 turns. As a result, he gave up halfway. Later, it took the institute three years to produce a fine enough rubber wire.

The fourth is the capacitor that stores high voltage electricity.

This step is ready-made because the Leiden bottle, which is popular in the popular science exhibition hall, is a high-voltage capacitor with a primitive but very effective effect.

Xu Guangqi also designed an oil-immersed paper dielectric capacitor that stacks oil paper and tin foil and seals with paraffin, but it is still being improved. This time, in order to be foolproof, the Leiden bottle was used.

The fifth one is the spark gap, which is even simpler, which are two small copper balls that are only a few centimeters apart. Xu Guangqi added a slide to one of the small balls. By turning the wooden bolts on the side, the spacing between the copper balls can be changed, thereby changing the emission power.

As for the sixth antenna... it is simpler than the spark gap, and there is nothing to say. The longer the better it is.

The seventh bottom line is tied with a copper plate to the wire, bury it on the ground, and get it done.

Zhao Hao always felt that he had done five of the seven components himself, and he could already be called the father of radio.

But he saw that in addition to these seven-piece sets, there was also a device on the table with two spiral copper strips like mosquito coils, which were installed on an insulated wooden shaft. One tray was followed by an antenna and a bottom line, and the other was connected to the capacitor and spark gap.

The eighth component added by Xu Guangqi is an adjustable inductor that can fix the electromagnetic wave frequency at a certain value to achieve confidentiality and selectivity of communication. This is something Zhao Hao never expected before.

Mr. Zhao weighed it with his conscience and gave the title of the father of radio to Xu Guangqi.
Chapter completed!