Ha Tien Town is located at the southern tip of the Indochina Peninsula, sandwiched between Cambodia and Cochin. Since the end of the Ming Dynasty, Chinese have continued to pour into Ha Tien Town, writing a touching history here.

This period of history is the epitome of the Chinese's invasion of Southeast Asia, and it is also a history of blood, tears, and bitterness.

Since the fifteenth century, the foreign trade of Southeast Asian countries has been in the hands of foreigners, mainly the Chinese.

During the revolution between the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a large number of Chinese people were unwilling to surrender to the Manchus and immigrated to Nanyang. The father of Mo Jiu, a native of Leizhou, Guangdong, was an official of the Southern Ming Dynasty and died in the war against the Qing Dynasty. Mo Jiu "did not submit to the early Qing government" and was "unbearable"

During the "Huru Invasion Rebellion", he led his people out of the country and came to Cambodia (Chenla).

During the Khmer Empire, Cambodia was the overlord of the Indochina Peninsula. Later, Cambodia gradually declined due to civil strife and was successively beaten by Siam and Vietnam, becoming a common vassal state of the two countries.

Mojiu was elegant, knowledgeable, smart and capable, and the people he led were proficient in agricultural production technology, so he was highly valued by the King of Cambodia. The king at that time, Baron Raja V, trusted Mojiu very much and appointed him to manage trade and recruit homeless people.

Mo Jiu was far-sighted and did not want to rely on others, so he tried every means to bribe the king's concubines and favored ministers, and finally became the local governor of Ha Tien Town.

Ha Tien Town is located at the mouth of Hau River. It has suffered from floods for many years and was not taken seriously by Cambodia. However, Mo Jiu believed that Ha Tien Town was located at the heart of the maritime trade route and had great commercial potential, so he vigorously operated here.

In Ha Tien Town, he "built a city, set up a camp, appointed staff, and set up many offices to recruit talented people", which was "the beginning of the Chinese colonization of Cambodia".

Mo Jiu took advantage of Ha Tien Town's unique geographical conditions, used low tariffs to absorb trade, and vigorously recruited refugees to encourage reclamation. He also learned weapons from Southeast Asian colonists, used trade profits to equip artillery, built forts, and dug excavations

Moat.

After more than ten years of hard work, Mo Jiu finally built Ha Tien Town into a prosperous commercial port, like a foreign country in China.

But the good times did not last long. Siam took advantage of the civil strife in Cambodia and sent troops to attack Cambodia. Ha Tien town was attached to Cambodia and had prosperous commerce. It was the first to be attacked by the Siamese army. Mo Jiu could not resist the Siamese army and was captured by the Siamese for a time.

After escaping from Siam, Mo Jiu assessed the situation and believed that Cambodia, the overlord country, could no longer protect itself, so he decided to seek refuge with Siam's feud, Vietnam. At that time, Vietnam had been divided for a long time, and Mo Jiu sought refuge with Quang Nam in southern Vietnam.

Quang Nam Kingdom is the predecessor of the Nguyen Dynasty in Vietnam. Quang Nam Kingdom is located in the south of Cochin. It is trying to revitalize and is facing a difficult confrontation with the Taishan Dynasty in the north.

Mo Jiu led his country to surrender to the Guang Nan Kingdom. King Nguyen Phuc Wei was very happy and established Ha Tien as a town and named Mo Jiu "Chief Military Officer of Ha Tien Town, Jiu Ngoc Marquis".

In order to distinguish himself from the Mo family, a traitor in Vietnamese history, Mo Jiu changed his surname to "Mon".

When the Quang Nam Kingdom and the Tay Son Dynasty were fighting for the world, Ha Tien Town contributed a lot. The Nguyen family also reciprocated the favor and greatly won over the Mo family of Ha Tien Town. Ha Tien Town was upgraded to a "chief town", which is equivalent to a provincial administrative division. The son of Mo Jiu

Mo Tianxi was named "Chief Soldier and Chief Governor of Ha Xian Town".

Ha Tien Town retains its own army, its own currency, and its own fleet, just like a country within a country. The local Chinese call themselves Ming Xiang Society, and the Europeans have just called Ha Tien Town a port state.

In addition to the Mo family, there were many Chinese immigrants who came to Indochina to make a living. For example, the Ming Dynasty survivors led by Yang Yandi and Chen Shangchuan.

Yang Yandi and Chen Shangchuan were originally subordinates of Zheng Chenggong. They failed in the war against the Qing Dynasty and had no hope of recovering their Ming Dynasty. So they led more than 3,000 followers and relatives, boarded more than 50 ships, and fled south to Vietnam.

The Nguyen Dynasty of Vietnam settled Yang Yandi, Chen Shangchuan and others in the Dongpu area of ​​Cambodia and used them to develop the Dongpu land for Vietnam's use.

It can be said that many areas in Southeast Asia today were developed by the Chinese. Especially in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, a large number of Chinese entered Southeast Asia.

Among these Chinese immigrants, there are many outstanding ones like Mo Jiu, Yang Yandi, and Chen Shangchuan. But more Chinese immigrants are like duckweeds in troubled times, swaying in the wind and having a bad fate.

As outsiders, Chinese immigrants have a natural conflict of interest with the indigenous residents. The Chinese are hardworking and value education, and will control the local economy within a few generations.

However, the Chinese have always lacked strong armed forces in Nanyang, and they have taken refuge in the surrounding regimes, and they have inevitably been involved in wars with other countries.

For example, during the Qianlong period, there was civil strife in Siam. Burma took the opportunity to invade Siam and besieged the capital of Siam. The Burmese army broke through the city and massacred them. The king and the eldest prince of Siam were kidnapped by Burma, and the second prince defected to Ha Tien town.

Emperor Qianlong supported Siam and sent troops to attack Burma. Ha Tien Town acted as the eyes and ears of the Qing Dynasty, constantly providing intelligence to the Qing Dynasty and Siam.

Zheng Xin, a Chinese native of Chaozhou, Guangdong, who immigrated to Siam, used his wealthy businessman father's connections to absorb the financial resources of the "Chaozhou Business Gang" in Siam, expand his military strength, and repeatedly defeated the Burmese garrison.

Eventually, Zheng Xin expelled Burma, unified Siam, and founded the Thonburi Dynasty.

The Manchus and Qing Dynasties regarded the Nanyang Chinese as abandoned people of the Celestial Dynasty, and Emperor Qianlong also regarded Zheng Xin as a usurper and refused to canonize Zheng Xin as the King of Siam. Vietnam and Siam were feuding, and naturally they were not happy to see Zheng Xin become powerful.

The town of Ha Tien was sandwiched in the middle, acting as the thugs of Emperor Qianlong and the Quang Nam Kingdom, and went to war with Trinh Sin twice. The two Chinese separatist regimes in Indochina should have stayed together for warmth, but instead they fought against each other and killed each other.

In the end, Ha Tien Town was just a local separatist regime, weak in power and severely damaged in vitality.

Afterwards, the situation in Indochina suddenly changed. The Tay Son regime in Vietnam gained power and conquered the Quang Nam Kingdom. The town of Ha Tien suddenly lost its trust, and the commander-in-chief Mo Tien-ci went to Siam to seek refuge with King Taksin.

In order to fight against Siam, the Nguyen family in Xishan, Vietnam, spread rumors and resorted to counterintuitive tactics. Zheng Xin fell into the trap and sent troops to arrest Mo Tianci. Mo Tianci committed suicide by taking poison.

Soon after, the Siam Imperial Army launched a mutiny and imprisoned King Taksin. Taksin was forced to abdicate. Taksin's brother-in-law, Chao Phraya Chakri, whose Chinese name was Zheng Hua, was of Chinese descent. He killed Taksin with a stick and usurped Siam.

throne.

This is the founder of the Bangkok Dynasty in Thailand today - Rama I. The Bangkok Dynasty was deeply influenced by the Taksin-Thonburi Dynasty. To this day, all the kings of the Bangkok Dynasty have a Chinese name, surnamed Zheng.

Taksin, the first Chinese king of Siam, was killed. The commander-in-chief of Ha Tien Town, Mo Tianci, committed suicide. These two people could be said to be the most powerful Chinese in Indochina at that time, but they both ended badly.

On the surface, Siam respects Zheng Xin, but in fact, it is always wary of the Han people and deliberately tries to weaken the influence of Chinese immigrants.

Vietnam also took the opportunity to weaken the independent status of Ha Tien Town. After the rise of the Nguyen Dynasty, Ha Tien Town was made a subordinate city under Jiading Prefecture (Saigon), and the tax exemption, coinage, military training and other privileges of Ha Tien Town were successively cancelled, and Ha Tien Town was also in ruins.

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The short-lived Thonburi dynasty and the Ha Tien regime that flourished and declined were vivid portrayals of the Chinese colonization of Southeast Asia at that time.

The Chinese immigrants entered Nanyang and were not familiar with the place, but they were proactive and optimistic, and they established foreign Chinas in foreign lands.

The reason why they failed was not only a guest but also a big reason: the Manchu Qing court stood by and watched.

If Emperor Qianlong recognized Taksin's Thonburi dynasty, the Siamese would not dare to rebel against Taksin easily. If Qianlong strongly supported the regime of Ha Tien Town, Ha Tien Town, which was caught between various countries, would not be in Siam, Cambodia, or

In the middle of Vietnam, we are living an ignoble existence.

Emperor Qianlong regarded himself as a perfect old man, but when it came to dealing with the Thonburi dynasty and Ha Tien town regime, Qianlong was very short-sighted and did not recognize the importance of independent Chinese political power at all.

When strong men like Zheng Xin and Mok died, the Chinese immigrants in Nanyang became the targets of others. Whenever social conflicts broke out, the Chinese immigrants would become the vent for the dissatisfaction of the local indigenous people, and a general epidemic would appear in the local area.

The phenomenon of anti-Chinese.
Chapter completed!