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A new report from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) shows that approximately 40% of homicide cases in the United States in 2017 went unsolved and became unsolved cases. A total of 2017 data from 16,000 law enforcement agencies in the United States were compiled and reported

There were 15,657 murder cases, but 38.4% were unsolved, a total of 6,012 cases.

The old cases that have been solved over the years will be counted in the detection data, so this data will not change significantly. What does it mean that nearly 40% of murder cases are unsolved every year? This means that more than 6,000 people are killed in vain every year in the United States.

, the murderer does not need to bear any responsibility.

Since the 1860s, there have been at least 200,000 unsolved murder cases in the United States, and the murderers have gone free. Moreover, the so-called detection rate of the U.S. police does not refer to court sentences. As long as the police arrest or lock in the suspect, the case is solved.

, even if the court ultimately acquits the case, it will still be considered a case solved...

Taking into account the lengthy judicial system in the United States and the judicial attitude of never accusing a suspect of guilt, the conviction rate has always been low, so the actual detection rate of homicides in the United States will only be even lower. In Detroit, the worst place in the United States, the detection rate of homicides is only 14%.

The crime detection rate is as low as single digits, which is terrible. It is called the most dangerous city in the United States.

In 2003, China announced the implementation of a judicial system that benefits the people, and in 2016, China's homicide detection rate reached 96%. This system of must-solved murders has been met with overwhelming controversy. First of all, there are doubts from the masses.

, Ordinary people think that it is a matter of course that murder cases must be solved. Everyone is dead, and they were killed alive. There are still 4% of murder cases where the murderer is at large. What is the police station for? They are all doing it.

Of?

Then there are the questions from criminal investigation experts. They believe that the murder case must be solved does not comply with objective laws and cannot be achieved with current technical means. Forcing the murder case to be solved can easily lead to unjust, false and wrong convictions.

Li Changyu, a top Chinese-American criminal investigation expert in the United States, said that if the actual detection rate of homicides in the United States exceeds 30%, it is considered a very high level. The detection rate of homicides exceeding 80% should be criticized. However, many people still say that they heard that as long as they do not hesitate to

There is no case that the police cannot solve. Of course, murder cases must be solved.

Today I will show you how difficult it is to solve a murder case and how much it costs to solve a murder case.

1

In the 1980s and 1990s, when we watched Hong Kong and Taiwan movies, we often saw this scene, that is, criminals wanted to "kill and silence".

What is murder and silence? It means that after committing a crime, you kill the victim and then you are not legally responsible. The movie comes from life. If the movie dares to be shot like this, the reality is not much different. If the murder case really must have been solved at that time

, then no criminal would dare to "kill people and silence them."

It was originally just a crime of robbery, but after being silenced, it became a crime of murder. It was only a fool who silenced him.

The criminal dared to silence him because he was sure that after the murder, the police could not find him at all. At that time, the police technical strength of mainland China was not as good as that of Hong Kong, Taiwan and the United States. The reason why mainland China launched the murder-clearance system in 2003 was to combat crime.

The arrogance of the elements is directly related to the impunity of the principals of many murder cases in the 1980s and 1990s, and the long-term inability to solve the cases. On the evening of April 8, 1997, in Shangbei Village, Haojing Township, Chang'an County, Jia Xiaoni's mother prepared a meal and was

Waiting for her daughter to come home from work. Jia Xiaoni is 18 years old and works in a village factory. It is very close to home. It only takes ten minutes to ride a bicycle. She is also a very good girl. She used to go home on time every day. But on this day, Jia Xiaoni's

The mother waited and waited. The food was cold and hot, hot and cold, but she never waited until her daughter came home.

The mother panicked and asked Jia Xiaoni's father to go to the factory to look for her daughter. As a result, the guard said that Jia Xiaoni had gone home a long time ago. The family hurriedly went out and searched all night, but could not find their daughter. The Jia family reported the case and mobilized relatives and friends to arrest her.

After screening for 10 kilometers, Jia Xiaoni was still not found.

It wasn't until the fourth day that an aunt from the village accidentally discovered Jia Xiaoni's body in a crop field less than 100 meters away from the village. When the police arrived at the scene, they were shocked by Jia Xiaoni's miserable death state. Jia Xiaoni's body was completely naked, her eyes

Prominent. The police determined that Jia Xiaoni was raped by criminals and then strangled to death. Her bicycle and wallet were all taken away. What is even more frightening is that the vulva of Jia Xiaoni’s body was burned by criminals. This is a perverted murderer.

The Xi'an Criminal Investigation Brigade quickly took over the case, and after preliminary determination, it was found that this was a habitual criminal. The criminal was so bold that he dared to commit the crime only 100 meters away from the village, and was not afraid of Jia Xiaoni calling for help. This shows that he had no mercy and was absolutely confident when committing the crime.

, giving Jia Xiaoni no chance to make a voice for help.

The autopsy results found that Jia Xiaoni's ribs were crushed alive, which shows that the murderer was very strong. For such a cruel and skilled habitual murderer, this is definitely not the first time he has killed someone.

Homicide and rape cases generally do not involve robbery of property, which shows that the criminals may be relatively poor. Based on the analysis of the scene, the police believe that the suspect should be between 18 and 45 years old. He is ruthless and likes to travel during the day and night. In the past, he may

He had a criminal record and his family was relatively poor. At the scene, the criminal police extracted key evidence such as the criminal's personal information.

Before 1997, there were an average of 2 homicides per year in Xi'an. However, in just one year from 1997 to 1998, 45 rape cases suddenly appeared in Xi'an, 12 of whom died. The Jia Xiaoni case, and the serial murders at that time

The modus operandi of the crime was exactly the same. The police had been looking for the murderer, so the case was included in the major cases under supervision by the Ministry of Public Security.

All the evidence is here, now you tell me how to solve this case.

At that time, there were no cameras, and the criminal police visited the surrounding residents. No one heard Jia Xiaoni calling for help, and no one saw any strangers coming or going. Jia Xiaoni did not have any disputes with anyone.

In front of the criminal police, except for a few photos of the crime scene and a piece of evidence, there was nothing, and no clue at all. You can't just find a random villager and insist that he is the murderer.

What should I do? Where is the murderer? In order to solve the case, the entire Xi'an police force was mobilized. As many as 15,000 police officers were dispatched to visit the area dozens of kilometers around Jia Xiaoni's murder. Just the transcript of the police visit was enough.

Tens of thousands of records were recorded, and the pile was more than 1 meter high on the table. For several months, the police in the entire Xi'an area did nothing but work on this case.

After paying such a high price, are there any clues? No, more than 10,000 records were brought, but nothing was found. The case was solved purely by luck. The murderer was named Wang Wanming. When he committed the crime, he once attacked a

A young woman named Shi Yiru.

Shi Yiru was a proprietress of a small shop. She usually moved goods by herself and had quite a bit of strength. Wang Wanming attacked Shi Yiru secretly. For a while, he was unable to subdue Shi Yiru. The two sides fought for nearly ten minutes, but Shi Yiru was still able to fight.

He shouted for help. Later, a passerby passed by and Wang Wanming fled in a hurry. During the fight, Shi Yiru saw Wang Wanmin's face clearly.

A few months after the incident, Shi Yiru accidentally saw the gangster who attacked him on the street. He hurried to the police station. The police immediately dispatched and caught Wang Wanming.

When searching Wang Wanming's house, the police unexpectedly found Jia Xiaoni's bicycle, wallet, and other women's belongings. After DNA testing, Wang Wanming was found to be the murderer of Jia Xiaoni. The evidence was conclusive and irrefutable.

All charged. After court hearings, it was confirmed that Wang Wanming was guilty of a total of 52 rape cases, killing 20 people in total, killing one person and raping 2.5 people per month on average.

If it weren't for Shi Yiru's lucky escape and unexpected encounter with Wang Wanming again, there would have been more female victims. The police have worked very hard. An interview transcript has several thousand words, and the police have produced more than 10,000 copies. They can investigate

I have investigated everything, but there are no clues.

This was the actual situation in the 1980s and 1990s. It was not that the police did not want to solve the case, but that they really had no way to solve it. Let alone small cases, even major cases supervised by the Ministry of Public Security might not be able to be solved, no matter the cost.

Therefore, in the movies and novels of the 1980s and 1990s, there was a practice of "killing people to silence". It is not surprising at all. If there are no witnesses, the police really cannot solve the case. Many people ignore the actual situation and advocate that confessions are invalid, which can easily cause

Unjust, false, and wrongful convictions require all physical evidence. This completely ignores the technical reality at the time. If this had been done back then, it would have been great if 10% of the murder cases could have been solved. By then, murder would have become common and people would be too scared to go out. But we law-abiding citizens

.In the Baiyin serial murder case, the murderer went free for more than 20 years. It was not until the birth of "genetic genealogy criminal investigation" technology that the murderer was finally solved.

2

"Gene Genealogy Criminal Investigation" is a major breakthrough in criminal investigation technology. In 2018, it was selected as one of the top ten scientific breakthroughs of the year by Science magazine.

This is how the "California Killer" who had been on the loose for more than 40 years in the United States was found, and China's massive silver serial murder case was also solved using this technology.

What is "gene genealogy criminal investigation"? Didn't I just say it? In the Jia Xiaoni case, the police extracted key biological evidence such as the criminal's body and hair, and obtained the criminal's DNA. In the end, Wang Wanming was convicted because of

The DNA comparison is a perfect match. So the question is, since there is DNA comparison technology, why not directly compare the DNA extracted at the scene with the DNA of people across the country? Wouldn’t the murderer be found at once?

The reason is very simple. We do not have a national DNA bank. There have been people who have been talking about collecting blood samples from the whole country to establish a DNA database, but opponents have dismissed it as an invasion of privacy. No country in the world has successfully established its own DNA bank.

General library, let alone China in the 1990s.

If you conduct aimless random matching and draw blood on a large scale, even within the scope of Xi'an, you will have to conduct DNA comparisons on at least millions of people to identify the murderer. This is an impossible task.

.If the murderer left Xi'an, it would be even more impossible. Later, someone invented a method, genetic genealogy technology, to search for criminals in public information databases that voluntarily upload DNA. According to statistics, an American has an average of 850

A third cousin, and as long as one of these 850 cousins ​​uploads his or her DNA information to the public gene bank, the target can be targeted through long-term family search technology.

Only a few million people's gene pool is needed to cover the entire United States. By reducing the number of suspected targets from the entire country to 850 people, the police will naturally have a lot of means to narrow down the suspect targets and find the murderer through on-site characteristics.

It’s much easier. There was a murderer in Baiyin City, Gansu Province. From 1988 to 2002, a total of 11 women were killed by the same method.

The police invested 7,000 police officers in search of a suspicious fingerprint, but still did not find any useful clues.

Hair and other information were extracted at the scene, and DNA was available, but Baiyin City is not small, and the suspect is still nowhere to be found. After being listed as a major case under supervision by the Ministry of Public Security, the Baiyin case has still not been solved, and the real culprit has never been found.

.

In 2011, Baiyin City established a DNA laboratory with the support of the Ministry of Public Security, and gradually collected blood samples from all criminals in the city. Over the years, it has obtained more than 10,000 blood samples, and established its own data platform in August 2016

On the 24th, while examining a set of blood samples, technicians from the task force discovered that the Y chromosome of this set of blood samples, with its 27 loci, was exactly the same as the DNA extracted from the scene of the "805" Baiyin case. According to the "Gene Genealogy"

"Criminal Investigation Science", the police directly identified the suspect's family, and the murderer must be a member of the family possessing this Y chromosome.

This blood sample came from Gao Mouming. After he committed a crime in another place, he was released on bail and returned to Baiyin, where a blood sample was collected at the police station. Following this clue, the task force immediately found 17 male members of Gao Mouming's family and collected blood samples one by one.

Conduct DNA comparison. On the morning of August 26, 2016, the Baiyin City Public Security Bureau found Gao Chengyong in a canteen. After DNA comparison, he was the suspect in the Baiyin serial murder case. In the face of the iron facts, Gao Chengyong investigated the case since 1988.

He confessed to the crime of killing 11 women in Baiyin, Gansu and Baotou, Inner Mongolia.

The 28-year-old unsolved case has been directly solved with the support of new technologies. In recent years, China's public security has gradually improved. The biggest contribution is not the genetic genealogy technology, but the Skynet system and the overwhelming cameras, which have made China's case-solving easier.

The rate skyrocketed.

3

Whether it is the Jia Xiaoni case in Xi'an or the Baiyin serial murder case in Gansu, the biggest problem is that there is no surveillance video of the crime scene. The police have no idea who was around when the crime occurred and who left. They can't even confirm their suspicions.

All targets must be visited and the surrounding residents can act as human cameras.

If the surrounding residents didn't see anything, or if they saw it but were unwilling to say anything for fear of causing trouble, or if they didn't take what they saw seriously and forgot about it, then all clues would be lost.

Therefore, in recent years, the Ministry of Public Security has vigorously built the Skynet system and placed a large number of cameras in public areas. We can find that areas monitored by cameras have significantly better security, and the crime rate of vicious cases has plummeted.

China has installed a total of 176 million surveillance cameras, 20 million of which are part of the Skynet Project, also known as the Safe City Project.

After Skynet was completed, the Guiyang police showed the "Skynet project" to BBC reporter John Sudworth. The police first took a photo of Sudworth's face with a mobile phone and uploaded it to the Skynet system.

, Sudworth began his "absconding" and prepared to head to the station. But under Skynet, he had nowhere to escape. As soon as he left the police station, he was directly targeted by the camera on the pedestrian bridge.

Seven minutes later, Sudworth entered the train station, and the surveillance system directly issued a warning. Several police officers on duty quickly appeared behind Sudworth.

Now China's Skynet system has evolved to the point where it can identify pedestrians' age, gender, clothing and other information, and even recognize gait. Even if criminals disguise themselves, they may be caught.

Due to the existence of the Skynet system, petty theft and street robberies on the streets of China have almost been reduced to zero. Where have the habitual robbery offenders gone? Have they reformed? No, even if you blow the Skynet system to the sky, they will all
To be continued...