I found that many readers don’t know where Liaoze is, so I will explain it in detail in this article.

The era when Liaoze had the most information was recorded from the Sui and Tang Dynasties to the Northern Song Dynasty.

First of all, Liaoze and Yunmengze are different.

Yunmengze has an oversized lake water body and the resulting "overflow area".

Liaoze is more like the terrain of Yunmengze, namely the swamp wetlands.

(1) When Li Shimin was advancing to the army in Goguryeo, "In May of the 19th year of Zhenguan (645), in Gengwu, the chariot arrived at Liaoze, and the quagmire was more than 200 miles away. The troops were unable to be connected. He was about to be a master craftsman, Yan Lidebu, the land was built on the bridge, and the army did not stay. Renshen crossed the Zedong and Dingchou crossed the Liao River, and retreated the bridge to strengthen the hearts of soldiers, and the army was at Mashou Mountain."

Where is Mashou Mountain? It is 15 miles southwest of Liaoyang City and is now called Shou Mountain.

Where did Li Shimin start? Huaiyuan Town is today's Beizhen City.

How far is Beizhen from Liaohe? I planned a driving route on Baidu map, which is about 100 kilometers long.

In other words, from Beizhen to the west bank of the Liao River, most of them are swamps, which is what history books say, "more than 200 miles of mud."

During the retreat, "In September, Yiyou arrived in Liaodong (near Fushun), Bingxu crossed the Liao River, and the Liao Ze was muddy, and the carriages and horses were not connected. Changsun Wuji ordered ten thousand people to cut grass and fill the road. The deep water was used as a beam, and the upper part was tied to the horse sheath to assist the service. On the first day of Bingshen in winter, he went up to Pugou to station horses and supervised the road to fill the road. When the snowstorm was blizzard, the soldiers were wet and died, so he ordered fire to wait for him." One by one, the three Hus and three provinces, Pugou and Bocuo water were all in the Liao Ze.

This section of Li Shimin's retreat route was to cross the Liao River from near Fushun. Note that the Liao River here is not the Liao River. In the Tang Dynasty, the Liao River was called "Da Liao River" and the Hun River was "Little Liao River". This is actually the Tang army crossed the Hun River from Liaodong City and then walked south.

Where is Bocuo Water? The lower reaches of the Liao River and the northwest of Haicheng.

The Tang army's retreat route was east of the Liao River, from Fushun to northwest of Haicheng, and was full of swamps.

In fact, it is normal. How could it be that only the west bank of the Liao River is swamped, but not the east bank? In fact, both the east and west banks of the middle and lower reaches of the Liao River are swamp flooding areas, with the west bank extending for more than 200 miles, and the east bank to the hilly and mountainous areas.

So, what about the upper reaches of the Liaohe River?

(2) Khitan "The Khitan is originally a seed of Xianbei. It lives in the middle of Liaoze and south of Huangshui. The Liaoze reaches Yuguan for 1,120 miles."

"The Liao Kingdom's first name was Khitan, which was originally a place in Xianbei, and lived in the middle of Liaoze. It was 1,130 miles away from Yuguan, and 714 miles away from Youzhou. It controls Huanglong in the south, Huangshui in the north, Lengxingping on the right, and Liaohe River barrier on the left. There are many elm and willows on the plateau, and there are puddings under the bottom."

"Fengzhou, the monks of the Yaopan clan in the Liaoze tribe are hidden in the pastures."

"Songshan Prefecture, the vast tribe of the Liaoze is located in the pasture of the king of the Gu."

Huangshui: Silamulun River.

Huanglong: Chaoyang, Liaoning today.

Lengxing: Lengxing Mountain, now Nuruerhu Mountain in Chifeng.

Fengzhou: Today's Wengniu Special Banner.

Songshan Prefecture: Today's Balin Left Banner.

From here, we can see that the Xilamulun River, Laoha River Basin, and the entire Korqin Grassland are swamp flooding areas.

(3) We all know outside Shanhaiguan that when we go to Liaodong from Youzhou, we can only walk on Lulong Road. The Liaoxi Corridor was first seen in historical books in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties.

Shi Chonggui, the emperor who came out of the Later Jin Dynasty, took this route to the Khitan, which shows that a lot of land had been separated at that time.

In Ship, there are swamps here, and it is a saline-alkali swamp. Due to the dual influence of river flooding and seawater backflow, the closer it is to the sea, the more saline-alkali tidal flats.

For example, the Huludao area is a typical saline-alkali swamp, while Jinzhou is a flooded swamp of Tamsui River.

But the conditions here are much better than the dark swamps in the lower reaches of the Liaohe River. In the Tang Dynasty, Khitans grazed outside, so Linyu Pass (Shanhaiguan), also known as Yu Pass, was built, and Yu Pass guards were set up to guard the guards.

At the junction of the two Jin Dynasties, Murong Han once guarded Tuhe (Jinzhou) and guarded against the attacks of the Duan Xianbei in western Liaoning (Tangshan, Qinhuangdao).

It can be seen that although there are no roads here, saline-alkali tidal flats, and many swamp wetlands, it is not inaccessible.

(4) The areas where the two rivers of Daling River and Xiaoling River flow through are the boundaries of Changli County in the book at this time.

The terrain here is relatively high and there should not be swamps, but since the Han Dynasty, many counties have been set up frequently relocated? Why?

Daling River, Xiaoling River, Liugu River and other places frequently divert the routes, forming impact wetlands.

Although this swamp wetland has the factors of rising water levels, diverting rivers and silting in summer, the factors of man-made disasters are not small, that is, flood control and water conservancy facilities have not been well built for a long time, so this is why it is not well-built.

(5) To summarize the Liaoze in a narrow sense, it only refers to the area in the middle and lower reaches of the Liaohe River, ①

But there is also a swamp outside Shanhaiguan, and it is a saline-alkali swamp that is affected by the dual influence of river flooding and seawater backflow.

The Xilamulun River in the upper reaches of the Liao River and the Laoha River basin are also swamps.

Daling River, Xiaoling River Basin is still an impact swamp-----

In a broad sense, Liaoze refers to the collective name of all swamp wetlands north of Yanshan Mountain and outside Shanhaiguan, that is, the collective of ①②③④, which is arranged in sequence, with ① the most serious swampy and ④ the lightest.

But the swamp is a swamp, which does not mean that it cannot survive. In fact, there are muds, sandbanks, land, but they are not connected. They are divided by lakes, rivers, muds, and even roads in the middle. It is just unstable. After heavy rains in summer, the swamp range expands and is easily destroyed.

The twelve tribes of the Yuwen Xianbei live in the swamp ③, while the Murong Xianbei live in the ①, ②, ④.

The water plants in the swamp are abundant and the grass grows vigorously. The Xianbei people live on relatively dry highlands and grazed livestock.

In the swamp, because of the high terrain, there are even large areas of land for farming, Changli County, the most populous in Pingzhou, is located here.

Xuan County is located in the swamp ①. A county town (near mountainous areas) is also set up in Fushun and Tieling areas on the edge of the swamp. To give an example, Gaoguryeo County in Xuan County, Gaoxian County is somewhat similar to Nanjun on the western edge of Yunmeng Jersey, and Wangping County is similar to the independent land where Jianli County is located within Yunmeng Ze.

So, what kind of changes has this huge swamp area experienced in history?

In fact, it has been a small ice age since the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, but there was a slight rebound in the middle and then fell down again.

During this cold cycle, precipitation decreases, swamps degrade, and the first area to be transformed is the ④ area.

During the Western Jin Dynasty, there were many people here. At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, more than 200,000 people in the Central Plains poured into it and gradually transformed it. From two counties in the Western Jin Dynasty (Bintu and Changli), new population gathering areas such as Longcheng and Jicheng gradually appeared.

The next transformation is ③.

This is a pity. After the swamp deteriorated, it gradually turned into forests and grasslands. During the Khitan period, farming was vigorously developed and the precipitation decreased, and later it turned into the Korqin sandy land, which was really a scam.

By the 21st century, this place is one of the important sources of sand and dust in Beijing. Who can imagine that it was a swamp two thousand years ago? It was a farmland one thousand years ago?

③ The area appeared on land in the late Tang and Five Dynasties, and the western Liaoning Corridor showed its prototype. However, according to historical records, this road beside the sea is "soaked" from time to time, and sometimes half of it is soaked in the sea water, so I don't know why.

If it is true and stable, it will probably be the Ming Dynasty.

①Don’t think about the area. Some land was degenerated during the Little Ice Age of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, but not enough, so Li Shimin was so pitiful in the Tang Dynasty when he attacked Goguryeo. The swamp I described earlier that the Tang army faced after it had undergone a Little Ice Age degradation. As for what it was like during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, I don’t know, because history books do not record it.

There is only one thing to say. When Sima Yi conquers Liaodong, it rains heavily. It is outrageous that the ship transporting resources can actually drive directly to Xiangping City.

When the Ming Dynasty arrived, Sun Chengzong also said, "The geese came from the Liao Ze, and seemed to be frustrated with the chaos of the young", which shows that the swamp in this area in the late Ming Dynasty was still there.

In the third year of Chongde (1638), a road was built from Shenyang to the westward direction of the Liaohe River, which was 120 miles long, which was called "Diedao" one by one. "The third year of Chongde was restored, and the road from Shenyang to Liaohe River was three feet high and ten feet wide. The moat was dredged beside the road, and Prince Rui Rao Yubeile Dong Qi's service was used."

In the 13th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1656), the Koreans went to Beijing and recorded that "from Niuzhuang to Guangning, the vast wilderness was thick. The so-called Liaoze and the smog in the Tang Dynasty made the boating on land, so the travel was not accessible."

During the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, Liaoze seemed to have undergone significant deterioration, and officials have called the direction west of Shenyang "Ancient Liaoze".

By the end of the Qing Dynasty, Liaoze was limited to the "Sancha River" area, that is, the Liaohe River converged with Hunhe River and Taizi River, and almost near the lower reaches of the sea estuary.

This is the most stubborn area, and it was still there until the end of the Qing Dynasty.

As for what is going on now, I don’t know very well. It probably disappeared. I don’t know if there is any Haicheng, Panjin, in Liaoning.

Book friends in Yingkou area talked about it.

Finally, there is only one feeling that nothing can resist the ever-changing world of history.

There is only one last bit left in Yunmengze.

Liaoze is almost gone.

It may not be all human beings’ role. Yunmengze did not exist ten thousand years ago, and then appeared. Today, ten thousand years later, it almost disappeared again.
Chapter completed!