The three most important methods are: converter steelmaking, open-hearth steelmaking, and electric furnace steelmaking.

Electric furnace steelmaking is a steelmaking process that uses electricity as energy.

The types of steelmaking furnaces used in the electric furnace steelmaking method include electric arc furnaces, induction electric furnaces, electroslag furnaces, electron beam furnaces, consumable electric arc furnaces, etc. Generally speaking, electric furnace steel is steel produced by alkaline electric arc furnaces.

Electric furnace steel is mostly used to produce high-quality carbon structural steel, tool steel and alloy steel. This type of steel has excellent quality and uniform properties. When the carbon content is the same, the strength and plasticity of electric furnace steel are better than open hearth steel.

Zhao Ji was very greedy that the Northern Song Dynasty could use the electric furnace steel method to refine the highest quality steel.

But where does the electricity come from?

Even if electricity is invented,

How to build so many high-tech steel-making furnaces? For Zhao Ji, this aspect is definitely his weak point in knowledge.

What the hell!

In Zhao Ji's mind, he first gave up the idea that the electric furnace steelmaking method could be used for experimental production in the Northern Song Dynasty.

If Zhao Ji wants to implement modern steelmaking methods in the Northern Song Dynasty, he must consider what kind of modern steelmaking methods the productivity and production relations of the Northern Song Dynasty, and even the production tools, can support the implementation of...

Obviously, the electric furnace steelmaking method is unlikely to be realized in ancient times for the time being or even for a long time.

The open-hearth steelmaking method uses scrap iron, scrap steel, iron ore, and limestone as raw materials. The heat required for the reaction is provided by blast furnace gas or producer gas, heavy oil...

What the hell! Zhao Ji secretly sighed inwardly. The heat required for the open-hearth steelmaking method was blast furnace gas or producer gas, which was provided by heavy oil. There were no gas or heavy oil used for production in the Northern Song Dynasty!

This open-hearth steelmaking method is not possible for the time being! Then we have to rule it out.

Zhao Ji put his pen on the rice paper and wrote: "Converter Steelmaking Method".

Then, he also used the painter's skills left to him by the original owner and drew a converter shaped like a pear.

He then marked an annotation on the side of the converter and wrote: "This is a converter. The inner wall is made of refractory bricks. There are many small holes (called tuyere) on the side of the furnace to allow air to blow into the furnace from these small holes...

”

Zhao Ji continued to write: "In the converter steelmaking method, the main raw materials are: pig iron, iron ore, or scrap steel.

Smelt pig iron into hot red molten iron and add a certain amount of quicklime.

Then use a hair dryer to blow the air into the molten pig iron, which will cause the impurities in it to burn quickly and release a large amount of heat, which can reach a high enough temperature in the furnace.

Therefore, converter steelmaking does not require the use of additional fuel.

After practicing,

Throw away the slag and keep the fine steel."

Zhao Ji could only write like this. If he also wrote down the scientific principles and some chemical terms from later generations, the forges of the Northern Song Dynasty would not be able to understand it at all, and it would make people doubt me as a time traveler...<

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The principle of converter steelmaking is to allow air to interact directly with molten iron, causing the impurities carbon, silicon, manganese, etc. in it to rapidly oxidize and release a large amount of heat (containing 1% silicon can increase the temperature of pig iron by 200 degrees Celsius).

The temperature in the furnace reaches a high enough temperature.

Therefore, converter steelmaking does not require the use of additional fuel. Iron, silicon, and manganese are oxidized to form slag, and phosphorus is subsequently oxidized and further generates ferrous phosphate. Ferrous phosphate then reacts with quicklime to generate stable calcium phosphate and calcium sulfide.

It becomes slag. It has a very fast smelting speed. At this time, the steel has been smelted.

The converter steelmaking method first started in the West with the acidic bottom-blown converter steelmaking method invented by Bessemer, an Englishman in 1856...

Zhao Ji felt that Western technology was not very advanced in 1856, so today's Northern Song Dynasty might be able to successfully test the converter steelmaking method and put it into production.
Chapter completed!