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Ban Gu, Eastern Han Dynasty, 100 volumes.

After Sima Qian wrote "Records of the Grand Historian", Ban Gu wrote "Book of Han". Ban Gu, whose courtesy name was Meng Jian, was from Anling, Fufeng. He was born in the eighth year of Jianwu of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty. His father Ban Biao was a historian and wrote 65 chapters of "Last Biography" to supplement "Last Biography". The "Last Biography" was completed on the basis of "Last Biography". In the first year of Yongyuan of Emperor He, Ban Gu followed General Dou Xian of the Cheqins and attacked the Huns and participated in the premeditation. Later, he was imprisoned for the incident and died in prison in the fourth year of Yongyuan. At that time, there were still eight tables and "Astronomy Records" in the "Book of Han" that were not written. Emperor He of Han asked Ban Gu's sister Ban Zhao to supplement it, and Ma Xu assisted Ban Zhao in writing "Astronomy Records". Ban Zhao was the unique female author in the "Twenty-Four Histories".

The Book of Han includes twelve chapters of the original chronicle, eight chapters, ten chapters of the chronicle, seventy chapters of biographies, a total of one hundred chapters, and later generations divided it into 120 volumes. Its records began in the first year of Liu Bang, Emperor Gao of Han, and finally in the fourth year of Emperor Dihuang of Wangmang.

The format of "Book of Han" has changed compared with "Records of the Grand Historian". "Records of the Grand Historian" is a general history, while "Book of Han" is a history of dynasty. "Book of Han" calls the "Book of the Grand Historian" "Ji", "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han" "Book of Han"

The times recorded in "Book of Han" are intersected with "Records of the Grand Historian". Both books have recorded the history of the Western Han Dynasty before the middle period of Emperor Wu of Han. In this part, "Book of Han" is often used in "Records of the Grand Historian". However, due to the differences in the author's ideological realm and the different standards for choosing materials, there are also additions, deletions and modifications when replacing them.

The Book of Han added the "Criminal Law", "Five Elements", "Geographical History", and "Yiwenzhi". The "Criminal Law" systematically described the evolution of the legal system and some specific legal provisions for the first time. The "Geographical History" records the administrative divisions, historical evolution and household registration numbers of counties and countries at that time, as well as records of properties, economic development, and customs in various places are more eye-catching. The "Yiwenzhi" examines the origins of various academic schools and records the books that have survived. It is the earliest existing book catalog in my country. The "Food and Message Record" evolved from "Pingzhuan Shu", but the content is richer. It has two volumes, the first volume talks about "food", that is, the agricultural economic situation; the second volume discusses "food", that is, the situation of commerce and currency, which is the economic special chapter at that time.

There is an article in the eight tables of "Book of Han" "Animal and Modern People". From Emperor Taihao to Wu Guang, there was "ancient" but not "now", which aroused the ridicule of later generations. Later generations highly praised the "Book of Officials and Ministers" in "Book of Han". This table first talks about the establishment of officials and officials in the Qin and Han dynasties, the authority and number of salaries of various official positions. Then, a brief table divided into fourteen levels and thirty-four official categories records the promotion, relocation and exemption of ministers and ministers of the Han Dynasty, and detailed the changes of bureaucracy and bureaucracy at that time.

From the perspective of ideological content, "Book of Han" is not as good as "Records of the Grand Historian". Ban Gu once criticized Sima Qian for "discussing right and wrong is quite absurd by the saints." This collection reflects the ideological differences between the two. The so-called "saint" is Confucius. Sima Qian did not completely use Confucius' thoughts as the standard for judging right and wrong, which is worthy of recognition. However, Ban Gu's knowledge is not as good as Sima Qian. This change from Sima Qian to Ban Gu reflects that Confucianism in the Eastern Han Dynasty, as a feudal orthodox thought, has established a firm foothold in the field of history.

Book of the Later Han

Written by Fan Ye, Southern Song Dynasty, 120 volumes.

"Book of the Later Han" was written by Fan Ye of the Southern Dynasty. Fan Ye's courtesy name was Weizong and was from Shunyang. He was born in a family of aristocratic families. His grandfather Fan Ning was once the prefect of Yuzhang, Jin, and wrote the book "Collected Interpretations of Gu Liang". The "Collected Interpretations of Gu Liang" in "Commentary on the Thirteen Classics" was written based on "Collected Interpretations of Gu Liang". His father Fan Tai was appointed as the Jin Zi Guanglu Dafu, and was appointed as the attendant of Sanqi. He was a good assistant to Emperor Wu of Song. He read a lot of books and devoted himself to writing 24 chapters of "Safe Words of Ancient and Modern Times". Therefore, Fan Ye has a deep family background. He has always regarded himself as a descendant of famous families. He is arrogant by nature and does not care about being a descendant of his official career. He is not willing to be a descendant of others, and his writings are not willing to be a descendant of others. He becomes famous and loses his life.

In the ninth year of Yuanjia, when Fan Ye was mourning for the concubine of Pengcheng, he offended the Situ Liu Yikang and was demoted to the prefect of Xuancheng. Fan Ye was depressed and was dissatisfied with the help of studying history to express his ambitions and began to write "Book of the Later Han". In the 22nd year of Yuanjia, when he completed the writing of the original and biographies of the original and biographies, and at the same time, he completed the "Rites and Music Records", "Yufu Records", "Five Elements Records", "Astronomy Records", and "Prince and County Records" with Xie Yan, someone reported that he had participated in Liu Yikang's conspiracy to usurp the throne, and therefore died in prison. Xie Yan was afraid of being implicated, so he destroyed the manuscript of the chronicles in his hand, so that only the biography of the Later Han Dynasty was passed down.

Before Fan Ye's "Book of the Later Han", there were no less than ten important works on the history of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Fan Ye used "Dongguan Han Records" as the basic historical basis and took Hua Qiao's calligraphy as the main blueprint. He absorbed the strengths of other books, deleted the complex and filled in the gaps, and neatly surpassed the many schools, and later came from the top. Therefore, in the Tang Dynasty, Fan Ye's "Book of the Later Han" replaced "Dongguan Han Records" and was called the "Three Histories" together with "Dongguan Han Records" and was popular in the world. The "Book of the Later Han" in various schools, except for Yuan Hong's "Donghan Records", all died one after another. Therefore, Fan Ye's "Book of the Later Han" became the most basic basis for us to study the history of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The record of Fan Ye's "Book of the Later Han" started when Liu Xiu raised an army to overthrow Wang Mang, and finally Emperor Xian of Han abdicated in Cao Pi, which detailed the history of the Eastern Han Dynasty of 195 years.

Three Kingdoms

Written by Chen Shou of the Western Jin Dynasty, 65 volumes.
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