While the liberal aristocrats, capitalists, merchants and senior intellectuals were still wasting time in endless debates, they endured the greatest suffering, and the Russian people on the verge of despair under hunger, cold and heavy taxes had already stood up first.

Although the Railway Workers' Strike Committee was forcibly disbanded by military and police force, the Soviets of workers' representatives in Kazan, Samara and Moscow persisted stubbornly and accepted a large number of railway workers who insisted on strike. Faced with the arrogant and high-pressure policies of the Tsarist government, the Soviets of workers' representatives, under the guidance of the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks of the Russian society, raised the banner of "all-Russia general strike" and immediately launched strikes in several major cities, and gave large-scale lectures to various factories, mines, masses, villages and even public security forces, police.

In Ukraine, Belarus and the Volga River, and the Ural River, the social revolutionaries spread everywhere to promote "dividing land rights equally" and "land one people's morality" is the "Trinity" that is most suitable for Russia. Even in the army, some dangerous ideas began to quietly spread. Compared to going to Siberia to fight the terrible yellow devil, returning home to divide the landlord's land seems not a worse idea.

Putilov Arsenal.

Due to the discontinuation of the Chilean saltpeter mine and the repeated strikes of railway transportation lines, it is difficult to transport copper and lead mines in the Caucasus region to north. The production of the largest arsenal in Russia, with 60,000 workers, has dropped sharply. I don’t know when it started, a terrible rumor was spreading in the factory: due to the low operating rate and financial scarcity, the situation on the front line is deteriorating sharply, and the Tsar himself is also in danger. The government is preparing to lay off some of the workers and send these people to the front line as cannon fodder!

Soon, another terrible rumor began to spread: the current Regent Queen Alexandra, the "German woman", was preparing to approve the order and was also preparing to sell the western territory of Oh Ross to the Germans in exchange for German military aid! The Germans had turned to the Chinese, and they were all in the same circle!

The workers at Putilov Arsenal had been shocked by one terrible news after another from the Far East. Now, they learned that they would be sent to the terrible Siberia as cannon fodder, and were even more anxious in the face of the terrifying "yellow devil".

At this time, the Russian infantry stationed in the factory were already in fear and could not extricate themselves from similar rumors. On February 3, a series of major failures from the Far East and Central Asia followed one after another, and the inaction of Britain, France and the United States, and the proximity of Germany and China made the Tsar's high-profile main battle, Yue Lou, like a foolish dream of deceiving himself.

Various temporary taxes, a new round of large-scale conscription, and an increasingly serious famine made the people who were already lucky enough to lose their patience. After large-scale demonstrations broke out in Moscow and other places, the workers at Putilov Arsenal finally couldn't bear it anymore and took to the streets under the leadership of Father Gabon!

Braving the cold wind, more than 50,000 workers and their families held up the statues of the tsar and the portraits of the tsar, singing hymns and patriotic songs to head towards the Winter Palace. Along the way, workers, unemployed people, citizens, faculty, teachers, etc. joined one after another.

In the square in front of the Hermitage, the people who were parading put out various slogans: "Eight hours work", "Stop the war", "Bread", "Ask a minimum wage of fifty kobby every day,...

By noon, there were as many as 300,000 people gathered in front of the Hermitage Gate!

He was ordered to mobilize the Semenov regiment, the Warensky teaching regiment, the Pavlov regiment and other troops, as well as the Mounted Police, and saw such a huge scene, he was at a loss and could only guard several important entrances and exits and intersections of the Winter Palace. Even many Cossack troops, as the personal army of the Tsar, expressed sympathy in the face of the actions of the people.

Lieutenant General Ivanovic, the commander of the Moscow garrison, was shocked and personally led his troops to the imperial village to ask for the regent queen.

Queen Alexandra's performance was quite unexpected to Ivanovic. The queen just asked the other party to "replace the chaos and restore order in the capital within today" and clearly stated that "all necessary means are allowed to be used."

With the Tsar's edict and the queen's oral order, the energetic Lieutenant General Ivanovic took action quickly and decisively, just like the sailor rebellion in another time and space in 1905 when he suppressed the naval fortress of Karystad.

The Warensky teaching group was asked to shoot into the sky and disperse the masses immediately. The group strictly implemented the order, but an accident followed. The dense gunfire made many people think that the government had ordered the suppression. Some Mounted Police, who had been nervous, were especially many police officers who were members of the "Black Sè Hundred People" who hated the public's actions without understanding the situation, took action without understanding the situation, or used pistols, or waved horse whips and wooden sticks to drive away the people.

The Russian fu girl holding a holy icon and wrapped in a scarf fell in a pool of blood: wearing a black robe, holding a Bible and a cross, and reciting a hymn, was hit and trampled, and was out of shape: in the midst of hunger and cold, she still sang hymns of the Tsar and the Virgin, begging the industrial workers who "a kind emperor gave bread" and "rescue the suffering Russians" were beaten to pieces by wooden sticks: the Russians came to express their loyalty to their Tsar, and they made a wish, but the answers were bullets and wooden sticks, death and contempt.

The atrocities of the Mounted Police angered some soldiers who sympathized with the marching people. A police officer was shot dead by angry soldiers on the spot, while the frightened Mounted Police fired at the people, and the entire square fell into hysteria. The frightened citizens did not expect that a peaceful petition would turn into a gun battle, and they did not expect that the government of the "Tsar's Little Dad" would shoot at the people, and they immediately screamed and fled in all directions.

Some soldiers who spontaneously acted due to shock and righteous indignation started a gunfight with the Mounted Police. The sporadic battle lasted until the next day, and finally it was calmed down with the intervention of a large number of troops.

Tsar Nicholas II, who received the emergency telegram, did not show much anger at this, but gave Lieutenant General Ivanovic a brief order: "I will prohibit all the capital chaos in the future. Such chaos occurred at the severe moment of war between our country and China, and it is really intolerable."

Lieutenant General Ivanovic, who received the order, immediately convened a military meeting in the garrison area and announced that "fire fire at the provocateurs who were holding the red flag... and then a large-scale search of various revolutionary elements in the city was carried out. All were imprisoned in the prison of Peter and Paul Fortress. In addition, Lieutenant General Ivanovic mobilized a large number of troops to block the main intersections throughout the city, especially on the Neva River between the Vyborg Industrial Zone and the Petrograd Zone, fire points were arranged in each high-rise building and bell tower, and roadblocks and machine gun positions were set up.

The lieutenant general also issued an order to strike workers at the Nobel factory in the Ptilov Arsenal, Ericsson factory, Palvier Arsenal, Lesnell factory, etc., demanding that the parade and petition be stopped immediately, and return to his post to work hard "for the motherland and His Majesty the Tsar" and "all disobedients will be sent to the front line."

Faced with the high pressure of the government, the revolutionary forces dominated by the Bolsheviks, Mensheviks, and social revolutionaries did not retreat, but instead took tit-for-tat actions on the birds.

Just two days later, the Moscow Governor Sergei and Grand Duke Alessandrovic, who supported Ivanov, were riding a carriage through the Kremlin, and were killed by Ishinkalyev, a member of the Social Revolutionary Party branch, who was throwing a nitroglycerin bomb from close range and was killed on the spot.

The assassination of the Grand Duke Sergei greatly boosted the morale of the people. However, it caused panic in the upper class of St. Petersburg. Many wealthy and powerful nobles took them to pack up and prepare for carriages to escape at any time. The queen also moved to the imperial village south of the city and was protected by the guards. The queen also gave General Ivanov an order: If there are those who gather to make trouble and advocate subversion of the government, they will suppress them on the spot!

On February 6, workers from various factories in Vyborg District formed a sub-marche again and headed towards the Petrograd District on the west side.

There were many fully armed soldiers in the parade, who sang the Marseille song with red flags.

The massacre a few days ago, the blood dripped in terrorized the citizens. But facing the tide of the surging red faces in front of them, facing these desperate faces and listening to the shouts of the tide, people made their own choices.

More and more ordinary citizens have joined the ranks of workers and soldiers.

The women simply hope that the government will reduce taxes and reduce prices: men are eager to stop the war and let their loved ones return to their side: many middle-class and intellectuals have joined in, their national self-esteem has been stabbed by a painful failure, they are angry at the corruption and filthiness of the country, and the greed and cowardice of officials and wealthy businessmen, they are eager for change but are repeatedly despised by those in power, and now they have made a choice: stand with the people, call for change, and call for justice.

The red flag is flying and the crowd is rolling.

This vast stream of people was like a rushing river. Wherever they passed, countless tributaries rushed to come in. The sea of ​​people grew like snowballs, and gradually became the most spectacular red tide.

Many workers and soldiers who entered the industry directly shouted slogans such as "Down with German women (referring to the queen), "Down with war", and "Hanging Ivanov".

When passing through the Neva River Bridge, the Warrensky Teaching Group, who was waiting for the troops, launched all its firepower under the command of the commander. The fierce rain of bullets swept towards him, and the parade was immediately in chaos. Then the Mounted Police and the cavalry rushed across the frozen river and slashed the parades and killed countless people and injured them.

A mess of feathers.

On the ice of the Neva River, on the banks, there were bright red and solidified blood everywhere. Workers wearing shabby robes, wrapped in sleeves, and train driver hats fell on the snowy ground, and college students wearing glasses held Jacques and Lulen's "Social Contract" by devout Orthodox Christians were still pursuing their cross before they died, begging God to ensure that their families could survive this winter, and the soldiers participating in the parade opened their eyes wide at the death, as if they could not believe that their comrades would treat them in such a cold way.

St. Petersburg suddenly fell into a terrible silence. Soldiers with live guns and ammunition entered the city and were stationed on major transportation routes.

In Ivanov's view, this "massacre on the Neva River" was enough to shock all the restless dangerous elements and the timid and ignorant masses. The tough lieutenant general sent a telegram to the Tsar, announcing that "the situation in the capital has been restored to control" and hung up the phone.

At this time, Luo Jianke and other backbone of the "Russian Constitutional Alliance" were discussing the constitutional movement in the villa of Grand Duke Lewolf in the outskirts of St. Petersburg.

The "Neva Massacre" and the assassination of the Grand Duke of Sergei have put these liberal aristocracy and bourgeois intellectuals in despair. In their opinion, this will inevitably lead to bloody conflicts between the authoritarian government and the people, and lead to the joint suppression of the constitutional movement.

At the suggestion of Grand Duke Lewov, everyone sent a message of condolences to the Tsar far away in Siberia in their own name, mourning the Grand Duke Sergei, and repeatedly expressed their loyalty that they "resolutely support the legal rule of His Majesty the Emperor of Russia" and begged the Tsar to "give merciful and kind pardon for certain acts of their children out of righteous indignation as the father of the people of Russia", but also demanded that "the destructors who disrupt national order and seek to assassinate important officials must be severely punished."

In the eyes of the Tsar, these telegrams are undoubtedly a sign that the so-called constitutional movement ended, and the abominable constitutional elements bowed to themselves. The ambitious Tsar immediately called back, demanding that "the subjects of all Russia immediately restore order and obey their absolute monarch's orders." But he also magnanimously said, "His Majesty the Tsar expressed concern for the suffering of the people and hoped that the ministers would collect civil demands through legal channels and strive for solutions." As for the state Duma and constitutionalism, the Tsar was too lazy to mention it.

"That damn fat man Luo Jianke is worried about Liwov." Tsar's subordinate said to Admiral Alekseev, "They are the root of the Russian turmoil. I have seen through them long ago... But until the end of their struggle, I am still the Tsar, and they can only surround the fire to fantasize about the poor Duma."

Neither Lieutenant General Ivanov, constitutionalists, Tsarist husbands, or the nobles who were panicked for a while, they did not expect that this would be the beginning of a series of nightmares.

The "massacre on the Neva River" spread rapidly with telegraphs, flyers and other situations.

The Bolsheviks, Mensheviks, Social Revolutionary Party, and the various nationalists began a large-scale connection.

"The Tsar betrayed his oath, he is not a little father, but a murderer. "Let the Tsar and his German women get out of Russia, he is not worthy of being the Tsar!"

"The military flag is defiled! We cannot plan the people!"

"Mother Russia is in danger! The Tsar and his nobles betrayed the people!" "The Tsar betrayed our comrades in the East, and now they ask us to slaughter our parents and brothers with their own hands and then send us to the slaughterhouse!"

Just as the Tsar and his generals celebrated each other, under the huge and sophisticated North Wind Plan of the General Information Administration..., various factions began unprecedented coordinated actions at this moment.

The first thing to respond was the army that the Tsars and the generals relied on.

Two days later, the soldiers of the Pavlov regiment broke out.

They seized officers, opened the arsenal, and even formed a soldier committee as the leadership body to announce the "liquidation of the murderers of the people". Lieutenant General Ivanov, who was shocked, immediately mobilized a large number of troops to suppress and successfully disarmed them, and locked more than a dozen soldiers who led the troublemakers into Peter Paul Fortress.

But this is just the beginning.

Ivanpiao Astronomy and the Bolsheviks, who were shocked by the army, used rubles to persuade them to use their language to carry out fruitful work in many armies and factories in St. Petersburg.

Seeing the people being arrested by bloody suppression of "comrades", and those of them were sent to Siberia, which was ice and snowy, as cannon fodder, the Warrensky teaching group, who had participated in the Neva River massacre, finally arrested the commander who ordered the shooting at that time and announced that "no longer accept any orders from the garrison headquarters."

These fully armed soldiers openly took to the streets to preach and sent a large number of personnel to lobby the surrounding troops. General Ivanovic, who learned that the situation was out of control, immediately sent the troops at hand, ordering them to "twist the heads of the rebels as chamber pots" and arrogantly shouted, "I want to kill a thousand, no, at least two thousand rebels, so that all rebels can see clearly what Russia is."

The soldiers who sympathized with the people in the rebels immediately passed the news to the "comrades who took the lead in the revolution". Under the connection between the Bolsheviks, Mensheviks and social revolutionaries, workers and citizens of the Vyborg and Narva districts immediately took action, and they surrounded various important intersections and prohibited the passage of the rebels!

Facing the guns of soldiers, these Orthodox Christians held burning candles and slogans for the salvation and petition for the victims. Many elderly women were cryingly and persuaded the soldiers to "don't shoot at your parents, brothers and sisters." According to Orthodox Christian rules, believers holding candles should not be attacked. The soldiers were immediately embarrassed, and the orders of some senior officers were also ignored.

The soldiers' muzzles were inserted into wooden crosses symbolizing peace by bold citizens. These were the mobilized soldiers of peasants, workers and citizens, and they obviously could not take action at all when facing their relatives and friends. The senior officer finally lost patience in the face of such a situation of disobedience and led the military police sent by the headquarters to start enforcing military laws.

Seeing that many comrades were arrested, the soldiers finally could not remain silent anymore. The Vlov regiment took action again, and the Lithuanian regiment Oleobrarenski regiment also took action. The furious soldiers shouted slogans such as "destroy the war", "destroy the German women", "destroy the murderer who slaughtered the people", and publicly exchanged fire with the military police at the headquarters, and arrested senior officers. They had an open party with the workers and citizens, and formed a team under the organization of some revolutionaries, sent liaison officers to mobilize everywhere, and soon gathered into a "red tide" of more than 200,000 people. They surrounded the Petrograd Military Region Command in the Neva District of Alexander from all directions, demanding 1 "the murderer handed over the order" and "end the unjust suppression of the people."

At this moment, Lieutenant General Ivanovic really felt the bone-broken coldness. This is no longer a simple chaos. The situation in St. Petersburg is sliding into a dangerous abyss! The lieutenant general, known for his toughness, immediately announced: "All soldiers must return to the camp immediately and leave the blame. If they continue to surround the headquarters, they will be arrested and punished."

The general believed that the orders and high pressure "can be shocked by all rebels" but the facts proved: this time, he made a big mistake!

The soldiers below finally abandoned all fantasies. They took action without hesitation: open fire!

The furious straw men defeated the few troops guarding the general arsenal, opened the arsenal, transported out the 30,000 rifles and 10,000 pistols, a large number of bullets, grenades, even machine guns and infantry mortars, and armed the entire team. By this time, the rebellious militants had reached 60,000 to 70,000!

The Russian Social Democratic Party’s Bolshevik Party’s cadre Bronstein, the Mensheviks’ Zikhze and Tseledev, and the Social Revolutionary Party’s Savenkov and Zinzinov finally made up their minds to push the Revolution to a climax!

The panicked General Ivanovic had fled to Peter Paul's Fortress in a panic and chaos. The propagandists of the Bolshevik organization roared in battle: Open up the Bastille in Russia!

The angry soldiers rushed to Peter and Paul Fortress immediately.

Faced with an armed army of tens of thousands of people, the soldiers responsible for guarding Peter and Paul Fortress were already panicked. Ivanovich immediately issued an order: In addition to ordering other "reliable" troops to come to rescue the siege, the sailors of Karystad Fortress were asked to quickly support!

In the heart of the general, the sailors who had been "specially cared for" and "vigorously developed" and served for a long time were much more reliable than the gray-uniformed animals that had been "redundant" due to the hasty recruitment of civilians.

As it turned out, he made another big mistake.

The sailors of Karystad, who had been in contact with Trotsky for a long time but had been hesitant, finally abandoned their fantasy of being out of the matter after receiving this order. They were buried at the cold seabed of the East by their colleagues of the Boluo Sea Fleet, and were angry at the cold seabed in the east, and were angry at the greedy ambitions and poor talents of the Tsar and nobles for the hunger, coldness, massacre and other sufferings suffered by the people.

They cannot point their guns at the army comrades who stand up for the people, so there is only one choice left! Uprising!

The sailors quickly established a long-planned soldier committee, seized senior officers and reactionary non-commissioned officers. The subordinate officers and soldiers who supported the revolution led by the subordinate officers and representatives of the soldier, and directly fired the three flags that symbolized democracy, freedom and fraternity and the red flag representing the revolution! The sailors launched the cruiser Avler, which was stationed in the fortress port, and opened fire at the Peter and Paul Fortress with empty bags, and hung a red flag on the warship!

When the armed sailors came to meet with the red flags that were temporarily rushing to join, the rebel troops besieging the fortress of Peter Paul suddenly became jubilant, and the defenders of Peter Paul Paul were in despair.

Finally, the mimeng defenders lost their will to continue fighting, and the fortress was broken. General Ivanov chose to commit suicide because he was unable to fulfill the mission assigned by the Tsar. Before his death, he wrote a suicide note, "Please God to guarantee Russia and forgive us sinners" and beg the rebel soldiers to "be kind to His Majesty's family and to Russia."

The victorious rebel soldiers opened the prison in Peter Paul Fortress and released a large number of political prisoners, people and soldiers imprisoned here. These anti-government elements immediately threw themselves into the torrent.

At this time, facing the huge rebel Qian, the Grand Duke of Mikhail, who was in charge of the Winter Palace, had to retreat, disguise himself as an ordinary soldier and retreat to the southern imperial village with a part of the guards loyal to the Tsar, and gathered with the Cossack cavalry and infantry guarding the imperial village, and asked the Guard Commander Karl and Major General Gustavanheim to immediately quell the rebellion.

Major General Mannahem's reply was very concise: the troops guarding the imperial village were now insufficient and could not suppress the rebellion. Moreover, shortly after that, the general "goed to observe the enemy's situation" during melee and retreat to the south and then did not appear again.

At this time, the queen had no idea. Faced with some government officials and nobles who fled in a hurry, the queen gave the power of "commanding to suppress the rebellion" to Grand Duke Mikhail and hurriedly left the seat.

The queen asked again for advice, "Sage, Rasputin. The charlatan was still calm. He told the queen that "the Romanov royal family would not perish because of this accident. This is just a test given to you by God." She encouraged her, "For Russia, for your ancestors and your descendants, please stick to it and uphold the belief that God has given you." The queen, who was encouraged, immediately returned to the vestibule, demanded that his husband be notified immediately, and mobilized troops from all over the country to quell the rebellion.

The news of the fall of Paul's fortress was like thunder, awakening the constitutional faction who was still lingering in suspicion and hesitation.

Grand Duke Liwof's first reaction when he heard the cannon was actually "a great victory" and "celebration salute". Luo Jianke, who was more sensitive, immediately suggested that "thing might be wrong."

Soon, a phone call came from the city, claiming that "the streets were full of soldiers and citizens holding weapons, and the order in the city was gone, and terrible chaos was erupting." At first, the nobles and intellectuals thought that it was just a hungry and cold and cowardly mobilizing soldiers to make trouble, but when follow-up news came further, especially when people who went to check in person, they reported that "someone was burning the flag of the double-headed eagle", "Millionaire Street (east of the Winter Palace) had been looted by rebels, and many nobles were arrested", "Three flags were raised above Peter and Paul Fortress", the suspicious constitutional tycoons finally confirmed that something they had been worried about had happened.

A fierce debate broke out immediately.

Nationalists insisted that the storm must be calmed down and the authority of the Tsar was restored: Luo Jianke and Guchkov, the All-Russian Federation of Associations, the Grand Duke of the All-Russian Federation of Associations, and Konovalov of the Constitutionalist Association of Local Autonomous Persons advocated following the trend and guiding the people's movement to the track of demanding constitutionalism and orderly petitions.

But no doubt everyone saw some vague prospect: by them, rather than the old and corrupt Tsar favorites and old-school nobles, they took control of Russia.

At this time, a voice made everyone's heart sank.

"Everyone, if we stand on the side of the people and guide them toward constitutional and civil rights, how will His Majesty the Tsar and his confidants view our relationship with this rebellion after stabilizing the national order?" The famous historian Pavel, Nikolayeviu, who was wanted by the Tsarist government and had just returned from Sweden, came to the center of the hall and looked around at the crowd. "There is no doubt that this is no longer a simple chaos, but a revolution! Anyone with no intellectual problem can understand that such a movement cannot be a spontaneous act without organization! Can the person who organizes this movement still gain the trust of the Tsar? Will he accept the reform proposals of these people and hand over the state power to them?" Luo Jianke opened his mouth wide, but he didn't know what to say.

"There is no middle way now." Milukov took off his glasses and wiped them gently with a velvet cloth. "Either stand on the side of the revolutionaries to seize the power of the Tsar and establish a real constitutional monarchy, or stand on the side of the Tsar to suppress the Revolutionaries. Now, which one are you going to choose?"

Deadly silence.

"No, Russia cannot be without a Tsar, but we cannot massacre the people. We must convince them, educate them, and tell them that constitutionalism is the real path Russia is going to take, we cannot have civil war, order and conservatism are the foundation of Russia." Liwov's face was pale. "We want to achieve a true constitutional monarchy, and the Tsar is enough as a spiritual idol. The main power must be handed over to the Duma and the cabinet of the whole country..."

"Dagong, what you said makes sense, but the current problem is not only what we want, but also what the people and the Tsar can accept all this." Milukov paused and pointed out the window. "I think we all know what the Tsar wants. But what the people want cannot be understood by sitting here and patting our heads."

After Milukov finished speaking, he took off his coat and hat from the hanger and picked up the crutch.

"Pavel, Nikolaevich, where do you want to go?"

"Go to the people" Milukov said calmly, "My choice is to stand with them."!
Chapter completed!