Chapter 83: The Smoke and Clouds of Beijing (Part 2)

Liang Dunyan also pointed out that China seems to have removed the old and put on the new, and the country is changing with each passing day, but some deeply rooted traditions are just a makeover.

Although the state advocates the legal system, the promulgation, implementation and implementation of the law still depend on power, and cannot truly achieve the separation of powers. Although the judicial ** has been shouted for many years, even in the center, "there are many unspoken rules that violate the law that are silently playing a role", and in many places, power over the law is "basically blatant."

Liang Dunyan also pointed out that under the earlier wartime control system, it is common for local authority to overstep its authority and interfere in justice and even legislation. Although local governments have undergone a major purge, the cadres and investigation teams sent by the central government have actually become the highest authority in the local area. In the name of "everything for national war", these new powerhouses often ignore the law, break normal procedures, and do things straightforwardly. Although this method of service improves work efficiency and supports the national war ahead, the hidden dangers left behind are difficult to eliminate after the war.

Liang Dunyan even pointed out in a vague way that many of the previous central government measures, even some regulations and policies that are still in effect, are suspected of being unconstitutional, and the Supreme Court "does not seem to have truly fulfilled the powers granted by the Constitution."

Liang Dunyan pointed out meaningfully that although China was fortunate to be born in two enlightened monarchs, Zheng Ying and Zheng Yu, can be said to be "godly blessed", if this method of destroying the legal system is like nothing, violates the constitution without prosecution, taking political power as the national creed, and destroying the foundation of the separation of powers becomes a tradition. If it is passed on, it will definitely take root and sprout in the future and eventually bear poisonous fruits.

Liang Dunyan believes that the most fundamental guarantee of all the rights of the people is not the wise monarch. After all, human life is limited. Although everyone hopes that great emperors will live a great emperor, in fact, the emperors can effectively rule the country for only a few decades, and throughout history, most of the time, incompetent emperors are in office.

Liang Dunyan also directly quoted Guo Songtao, who was once sent to England by the Qing Dynasty to envoys to Britain and was humiliated as a traitor by the Qing Dynasty for praising the British system, but was hired as an advisor by Zheng Yingyan: "Three generations of saints with Taoism are not within the reach of the Western... The sages are hardworking for the whole world, while the Western people are ministers and ministers. The sages of life cannot be permanent. The four saints have inherited each other for less than a hundred years, and the derivation of ministers and common people is endless, and the longer the humanities are more prosperous."

Liang Dunyan believes that the so-called three generations of China's governance, from the Bamboo Annals, is still just a powerful victory, people's hearts are not the same as the so-called saints, and most of them are heroes and cruel, and the so-called abdication is just a rhetoric of usurping power. And "The previous emperor of my empire is now, with a clear governance, a close love for the people, a sharp vision, and a broad pattern. Although the three generations of kings were unable to reach the emperor's ability."

Liang Dunyan believes that such a saint monarch who is beyond the past and present is really hard to find in ancient and modern times. China can meet two generations of saint monarchs in a row, which shows that the national fortune is revived. However, looking at history, the Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, Wen Jing, Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty, Emperor Taizong of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, at least he is more powerful than his descendants, and the monarchs are more mediocre and weak in the future. It can be seen that this saint monarch can be encountered when he is lucky, but it is not the norm after all. If the country and nation always place their hopes on generations of monarchs are once-in-a-lifetime saints, then they will inevitably be disappointed in the end.

A person with insufficient talent who has no control over power will inevitably cause disasters that are greater than some elites who have good talents but have sufficient checks and balances. Therefore, in Liang Dunyan's view, authoritarianism "can save China for a while" but will eventually be difficult to "save China for a thousand years." China's innovation follows the footsteps of Britain, France and the United States to pursue civil rights and freedom, and the constitutional system of virtual kings is the foundation of long-term stability.

After a lot of reviews and analysis, Liang Dunyan finally put forward the core of "Chinese liberalism": respect traditions, open up people's wisdom, promote the concept of equality, freedom and fraternity, gradually open up regulated human rights and freedom, strive to reach the level of Britain, France, the United States and other countries within 20 years, use "civil rights" to ensure the freedom of the people, gradually restrict the imperial power, and ultimately realize the parliamentary cabinet system of a virtual monarchy constitution.

As soon as Liang Dunyan's masterpiece was released, the paper price in China was expensive, and major universities, intellectual circles, and middle and upper classes were circulated. However, in addition to the praises, they also encountered unprecedented opposition and even attacks and abuses.

Above the Yanhuang Party’s "Han Feng", the retro Han faction, who had recently been defeated due to cultural debates, have all begun to criticize Liang Dunyan as if they were injected with chicken blood.

Zhang Binglin scolded Liang Dunyan for being "ungrateful". He started with Liang Dunyan being promoted and cultivated by the late emperor Zheng Ying, and also talked about this man who ignored the emperor's kindness during the national war and fled at the last moment. He split the ruling alliance before the national war was over and formed his own Liberal Party. This shows that "the nature of a jackal and a heart of a hornet is poisonous."

Zhang Binglin changed his pen and started with "This thief attended the University of London in the UK, and was highly valued by the British and barbarians, and had private relations with many British and barbarians." He listed his bad record of "one-mindedness to transform Xia by barbarians", and vaguely attacked his ulterior motives, and openly ridiculed the couplets that Qingliu mocked Guo Songtao at that time: "It is beyond its own kind, it is not tolerated by the Yao and Shun world; if he cannot serve people, how can he serve ghosts, and why should he go to his parents' country?"

Yao Lin pointed out that "the so-called liberalism is nothing more than the Western people who have no monarch or father, and the jackals are habitual, and they like the freedom of bullying the weak and the strong to survive." China "has the upper and lower levels of harmony, each of them is in their own position, the sages are in court, and all wise men are doing their duties, which is the great rule of the world." Giving up this good governance and acting in absurd way of liberalism in Western barbarians, causing "ethics collapse and social chaos", China "don't die." Yao Lin further pointed out that some people "just not to see China's strength, but not to see our Chinese people living and working in peace and contentment, and destroying them with a deliberate mind". Such treacherous plots "although they are yellow, they know that they are not feasible", while Liang Dunyan "believe it as a criterion."

However, Liang Qichao of the Civic Party clearly supported Liang Dunyan and published articles in the Xinmin Congbao, calling for "attention to civil rights."

Liang Qichao proposed that after decades of accumulation, China has reached a "key turning point". What kind of path it chooses will determine the fate of this country and the nation in the future thousands of years. He believes that the foundation of a country's strength lies in the "strong people", and the strength of the people lies in the prosperity of civil rights, everyone respects, self-confidence, self-improvement, not slaves under the power of others, so that they can be called a truly powerful country.

Without the strength of the people, without the prosperity of civil rights, all the strength is like passing by. Russia and Japan are such examples.

After Liang Qichao expressed his respect and respect for the two generations of emperors of the empire, he also cautiously proposed that "governing the country should be a foundation for generations, and the long-term future of the country and nation really depends on civil rights." The protection of civil rights cannot rely on saints and imperial power, but rely on the constitution and rule of law, and is popularized by education. Only by educating the people from an early age, being a citizen who abides by laws and regulations, understands rights and obligations, and compulsory protection with the constitution and laws, can the people have real human rights, and the national order will not decline and chaos due to the demise of people and the political recession.

Li Da, who has been hired as a sociology department at Imperial University, also participated in the debate and unexpectedly waved the flag and shouted for "Erliang".

Li Da, a scholar who was once regarded as the flag bearer of local autonomy, traveled across the country after the Beijing Incident and immediately announced a "revised view" and was even regarded as a "fence-riding school" in private, shining brightly at this moment.

Li Da clearly stated that the so-called freedom is not absolute and unrestrained freedom. The concept of freedom, which was first developed in the West, is the so-called liberty, refers to "the coercion of others in society is minimized to the minimum possible limit", that is, the state of getting rid of others' oppression as an individual.

He clearly stated that the complete freedom criticized by those who attack liberalism is actually the state of power under the ** system where powers rely on power to arbitrarily deprive and infringe on the freedom of others, and this so-called "complete freedom" is "the greatest unfreedom" for most individuals in society. The opposition intentionally distorts the meaning of freedom, but in fact, it attacks exactly what they support.

He proposed that freedom is a natural right, and people are born free, and such rights cannot be waived or deprived unless these people "violate the law and are punished for infringing on the freedom of others."

Li Da reviewed history and proposed that "in China's history, the people were enslaved for the vast majority of their time." There was no fair law, no equality, no freedom of thought, language, work and even action. In different dynasties, there was only the depth of the degree of enslavement. Even a member of the ruling class was also a slave to the higher powers while enslaving others.

It is precisely such a social structure with slavery and enslavement as the main relationship that has led to the cycle of governance and chaos in Chinese history again and again.

Li Da pointed out that there is no real rule of law in Chinese society, and the law is just dependent on power, which is a rule for people to enslave people. In such a society, there is no human rights, only privileges linked to power. The so-called stability is essentially based on the oppression of the most powerful power, and it is a system of oppression with authority and brainwashing the minds of fooling people to maintain the system of oppression and enslavement of people. Under this system, because people naturally yearn for freedom and equality, the accumulation of oppression and enslavement by people on a certain level will inevitably lead to the collapse of society, and the oppression and enslavement of people will become mobs. In "complete democracy", everyone's freedom cannot be guaranteed, and the people are willing to long for new slavery to "realize limited human rights protection", or at least the "right to survive".

Under such social conditions, no matter how beautiful the revolutionary slogans are, the connotation of this system is that people enslave people, everyone lacks freedom, and social forms can only rely on high pressure to maintain stability. Naturally, there is no question about the world of Datong, and even basic stability is just a luxury.

Li Da further pointed out that as early as the ancient Greece and Rome era, democratically elected politics had already passed public legislation to protect human rights. Although human rights and freedoms in that era were limited to a few free people with civil rights, and the wealth of these people may not even be as rich as the middle and upper classes in many periods of traditional Chinese society, they enjoy more protection in terms of human rights and freedoms, and they will rarely violate the freedoms of others. It can be seen that human rights itself should not be linked to wealth, nor should they be distinguished by the differences between nations and countries.

Li Da believes that in the traditional society, the reason why rulers deny human rights and emphasize privileges is that they have the greatest power and oppose all obstacles that limit their power. They deny what common characteristics they have with the ruled people, regard the ruled as pigs and sheep, grazed them, and tried every means to educate them foolishly. In such a society, there are only the rulers' tyrannical privileges and the boundless suffering of the people.

In such a society, power controls everything, so naturally there is only man rule but no rule of law. The so-called law only has strict criminal laws and the privileges of law enforcement officers, but there is no protection for the weak, nor the spirit of the law. All constraints on the rulers can only be placed on morality. This is like talking about morality with tigers and wolves, so that they will not devour pigs and sheep. Such a system uses laws and rules to protect the strong who hold power, and try to damage the rights of the weak. The weak can only passively accept it or be eliminated as rebels.

Li Da boldly proposed that the foundation of the country is the Constitution and the law, but the purpose of the law is to protect individual freedom rather than to destroy individual freedom. This kind of protection must first clarify the boundaries between individual rights and public power, and secondly, it must be clear that the exercise of individual freedom cannot be at the expense of damaging the freedom of others.

In a fair legal system, the law must have the same binding force on individuals and political parties, leaders and ordinary people, and political parties cannot act casually. With such a rule of law, society can naturally achieve stability. On the contrary, relying on power to maintain high-pressure rule and wantonly infringe on individual rights and freedoms will inevitably trigger hostility and resistance from the oppressed. The entire society can only fall into a vicious cycle of high-pressure stability maintenance and increasingly large resistance, and eventually collapse.

Li Da further proposed that the so-called democracy or ** are all means to realize the freedom and human rights of the people, and they should not be put before the horse. When the people were founded, the people chose constitutional monarchy. This is the choice of the people, and the government should also respect the choice of the people, that is, respect the constitutional system, respect the legal system, and respect the separation of powers.

Li Da admitted that due to various internal and external troubles, the country had to adopt the "power" strategy in many cases. Facts have proved that the national problems were solved relatively well. However, this situation cannot be used to show that the authoritarian system will continue forever, nor can it be used as a reason to further undermine the national constitutional foundation and strengthen authoritarianism.

Li Da's articles caused a thousand waves in one stone and immediately ignited the entire public opinion pattern in Beijing.
Chapter completed!