On May 18, 1920, Carol Yozef Voitiva was born in Vadovice (www.piaotian.comilia) in southern Poland as a teacher before marriage; he was of Lithuanian. On April 13, 1929, Carol was eight years old and died of labor. He had an older sister Odega, who died of infants. His elder brother Edmund, who was fifteen years older than him, was a doctor. In November 1931, Carol was eleven years old and died of scarlet fever due to care for patients. The deaths of the two close relatives during their growth had a great impact on him. He was closer to his father after dependents. [2][3][]

In 1938, Voytiva and his son moved to Krakow, [2] thus had close contact with the Jewish community in Krakow. Carol entered Jetzelonian University to major in linguistics and also studied drama. He also joined the theater group in the school. He was also an athlete. [4][5]

But in 1939, the Nazi German army occupied Poland, the German army closed various universities, and Voytiva was forced to finish her studies.

During the Nazi occupation, all men had to do labor work and prohibited all higher education. Carol thus experienced work in quarries and chemical plants.

Jinduo

His father died in February 1941, which made him rethink his life goals and thus gave him a vocation to engage in priesthood. In addition, one of his friends, the tailor, Mr. Tironosky (Janty)

aowski was also the inspiration for his interest in theology. In October 1942, while working in a chemical factory, he secretly studied theology in the theology department opened by his alma mater, which he taught in private.

On November 1, 1946, he was appointed as a priest (ordained). He taught ethics at the Agelon University in Krakow, and then taught at the Catholic University of Lublin, Poland.[2]

Jin Mu

In 1958, he was appointed as the assistant bishop (Jin Mu), and four years later he served as the pastoral agent (vica).

capitula

) Become the leader of the parish.

On December 30, 1963, Pope Paul VI appointed him as the Archbishop of Krakow. He participated in the Second Vatican Council as the Archbishop. The most historic and influential result of the conference was the publication of the Declaration on Freedom of Faith (dignitatishumae) and the Pastoral Charter of the Church of the Modern World (gaudium etspes), who contributed to the drafting of the document.

Election of Pope

Pope Paul VI promoted him to cardinal in 1967. In August 1978, after Paul VI's death, he participated in the pope election, in which he elected the Patriarchal Patriarch Elbino Luciani (al

Inoluciani) was Pope John Paul I. According to the age standards of the pope, Luciani, 65, was young. Although Voitiva, 58, was expected to attend another Pope's election before the age limit of 80, he did not expect it to come so quickly. On September 28, 1978, John Paul I, who took over the Pope only 33, passed away. In October 1978, Voitiva returned to Vatican City to attend the second Pope's election meeting within two months.

Attempted assassination

On May 13, 1981, John Paul II was shot by a Turkish fanatic Muslim gunman Momet Ali Aga. John Paul was shot twice, but the bullet was a slight difference and did not hit the vital point. After six hours of surgery, he escaped from danger. Two days before Christmas in 1983, after John Paul recovered, he went to prison to visit the assassin who killed him. The two talked privately for a moment, but the content of the conversation has not been made public. However, someone found a note "I want to kill the crusade leader" at Aga's residence.

The motive for the murder is still widely discussed: some people, such as the Italian Parliament's investigation committee, believe that the Soviet Union sent people to murder him in order to maintain the stability of the Warsaw Convention countries (especially Poland). Others believe that it may be that the Vatican was dissatisfied with the planning of John Paul II as the pope. [Come to request] In the end, since there was no evidence, the only one in the end was Aga who just wanted to intimidate the pope to make a decision.

On March 2, 2006, the Italian parliament committee responsible for investigating Cold War secrets determined that the former Soviet Union manipulated Paul II to assassinate him and released his final investigation report to the media. The committee pointed out that the reason why the former Soviet authorities wanted to eradicate Paul II was because the ideas he promoted at that time posed a threat to the collectivist ideology of the Soviet Union.

During his reign, John Paul II visited more places than all the former popes combined. He became the first pope to visit England and met with Queen Elizabeth II, the top administrator of the Anglican Church.

In 1984, John Paul II became the first pope to visit Puerto Rico.

In 1999, he visited Romania and met with the local Orthodox bishop, making him the first pope to visit the Orthodox country since the split of the East and West Church in 1054.

In 2001, John Paul II revisited the place where St. Paul had been to the Mediterranean and took a pilgrimage in the Mediterranean. He traveled from Greece to Syria and then to Malta. He was the first pope to visit Greece in more than a thousand years. His visit to Damascus, Syria was said to be the Umayyad Mosque where John the Baptist was buried; he was the first pope to visit a mosque in recent years.

Relationship with the Jewish people

John Paul II once delivered some speeches on the relationship between the church and the Jews and often paid tribute to the Jews who died in the Holocaust. In 1979, he became the first pope to visit Auschwitz concentration camp in Poland. He was one of the few popes to grow up under Jewish culture. In March 2000, he visited Jerusalem and said, "The Jews are our brothers." Some people believe that this is acknowledgement that Catholicism was divided by Judaism, and that Jesus' earliest followers were Jews.

Repairing the relationship with Orthodox Church

In May 1999, John Paul II was invited by the Romanian Orthodox Patriarch Teoctist to visit Romania. On May 9, he and Teoctis attended the mass held by each other. Hundreds of thousands of believers participated in the worship event. Later, at the invitation of John Paul II, Teoctis also visited Rome three years later.

In 2001, John Paul II became the first pope to visit Greece since 1291. The locals were not enthusiastic about his visit, and some Orthodox people even protested against his visit. Later, he went to Athens with the Greek Orthodox Church in Hristozulu (ch)

istodoulos) The Patriarchs met. After 30 minutes of meeting, the two spoke publicly. Hristozulu listed the thirteen crimes committed by the Catholic Church against the Orthodox after the split of the East and West Churches; including the looting of Constantinople during the Crusades and never expressed confession. John Paul II responded, saying that "in the past and present, the children of the Catholic Church asked God for forgiveness in their actions and negligences, for the crimes committed by the Orthodox brothers and sisters of the Orthodox Church," and received immediate applause from Hristozulu.

John Paul II was known for his open-minded style, so he was often regarded by many insiders and outsiders as a "different pope". He served as the pope for 28 years, which had a profound impact on the public image of the Holy See and Catholic Church at the end of the 20th century.

John Paul II opposed communism. When the Pope ascended the throne, Poland, like other Eastern European countries, was a socialist country controlled by the Soviet Union. The Pope strongly supported people who fought against the Communist regime, such as the Solidarity Union Movement in Poland. Former Soviet President Gorbachev once said that there would be no Pope's Iron Curtain. Many former Soviet republics also held this view. Former US President Ronald Reagan praised the Pope as "one of the heroes to end communist autocratic rule." In January 1998, the Pope visited Cuba and was friendly to Cuba. The Pope criticized the United States for long-term embargo on Cuba, which hurt the Cuban people, which made him win the trust of the Cuban government and people, and helped Cuban Catholics gain more freedom. The Pope also criticized extreme corporate capitalism in the late period.

It is generally believed that John Paul II is more conservative in his doctrine, and tends to be conservative in issues such as female reproduction and priesthood. His articles on human sexual behavior have a broader range of thoughts on the nature of men and women and the resulting love and sex. These articles have played an important role in promoting how Catholics view the issue of sexuality. In addition, he opposed feminism.

The Pope opposes abortion and especially criticizes the phenomenon of allowing abortion in democratic countries.

He also criticized theology of liberation, believing that it was too much emphasis on political freedom and sacrificed spiritual liberation. In the 1995 Gospel encyclopedia of Life, he once again emphasized the church's view of life, condemning abortion, euthanasia and all forms of death penalty, calling these "culture of death" that prevails in the world today. But his position on the issue of death penalty, reducing debts and poverty of poor countries is generally liberal in politics; this means that religious leaders cannot be described simply by political labels such as "conservative" or "freedom".

In 2000, he signed the

ilee2000” supports the African debt reduction campaign advocated by Irish rock stars Bob Gerdorf and Bono.

In 2003, John Paul II strongly criticized the US-Iran war. He believed that the United Nations should resolve international affairs, and that unilateral actions are a crime against peace and violate international law.

When the EU discussed the new constitution in 2003 and 2004, representatives of the Vatican did not succeed in putting "Christian Heritage" on the agenda of the meeting, which was one of the goals the pope most hoped to achieve.

The Pope clearly opposed same-sex marriage. He described same-sex marriage as "a new evil idea" and seriously threatened society. He also criticized the transgender and psychologically displaced people, forbidding them from working in the church, calling them "psychopathic".

Despite his popularity, John Paul II also encountered many criticisms. One of them was that the pope's opposition to communism led him to support right-wing dictators. John Paul II occasionally met - some said to support - dictators like Pinochet in Chile. In fact, the pope urged Pinochet to restore democracy, and he was designed to take photos with Pi by Pinochet's entourage. He allegedly guaranteed Cardinal Piolaghi, and some critics pointed out that the latter supported Argentina's "filthy war".

John Paul's actions to attract criticism include his support for the main business association of the autonomous society and his founder of the organization Josema

iaesc

Ivá) canonization. Because some people [who?] believe that the main business will be essentially a cult organization within the church; and John Paul regards it as part of a return to the foundation of the church on a larger scale,

John Paul also criticized the canonization or granting of other figures because some of these controversial figures [who?] allegedly supported fascist parties. The pope's supporters responded that these accusations were unfounded and were fabricated for their political enemies. The pope's canonization of some missionaries in China in the 19th century was also severely criticized by the government of the People's Republic of China in 2000, who believed that these missionaries were once accomplices of the colonists, played a very disgraceful role in the armed plunder of China by Western countries, "and seriously damaged the interests and feelings of the Chinese people."

Other criticisms focus on some of his views. In particular, John Paul's views on gender identity and sexuality have been criticized. Some feminists criticize his position on the social role of women, while homosexual rights advocates are dissatisfied with his claim on behalf of the church that homosexual desire is "obviously morbid" and especially dissatisfied with his opposition to same-sex marriage. His attitude on avoidance is particularly conservative for many. John Paul follows traditional Catholic teachings and believes that an indispensable purpose of sexual behavior between fertile couples is childbirth. Therefore, he claims to use contraception.

Measures are immoral behavior. Many people disagree with him, and even those who agree, many believe that it is really unrealistic to blame the use of condoms when sexually transmitted AIDS is raging around the world. Another related view is that John Paul's Holy See believes that condoms cannot stop the spread of HIV. Due to these two views, many opponents criticized him for causing AIDS outbreaks in Africa and many other places. His supporters say that John Paul's emphasis on abstinence and loyalty is very effective in the fight against AIDS, such as in Uganda.

John Paul II was sometimes criticized for his way of managing the church, especially for his failure to respond quickly to the Roman Catholic sex-abuse scandal. Some criticized him for concentrating power in the Vatican after John XXIII's decentralization. He was therefore regarded as a strict dictator and could not accept dissent within the church. Critics argued that he was tissabalasu

The most typical example is Father Iya's punishment of expulsion.

In addition to criticism from modernized people, traditional Catholics sometimes lashed out at him, demanding the restoration of the Mass of the Delitten and the abolition of reform measures after the Second Vatican Council. Some objections turned into absent theory, while others recognized John Paul's status as a pope, but complained that his policies were not conservative enough.

Health issues

Although John Paul II was the youngest pope since Pius IX in 1846, he also liked hiking, swimming, skiing and other sports, but after a quarter of a century, two premeditated assassinations and cancer threats, his health became worse and worse. In 1992, he removed a tumor from his large intestine, dislocated his shoulder in 1994, and removed his appendix in 1996.

A 2001 operation confirmed that John Paul II had Parkinson's disease, which the Vatican confirmed in 2003. He had difficulty speaking and had hearing impairments. Those who met him said that although the Pope was not in good health, he was mentally healthy.

On March 31, 2005, the Pope developed "high fever caused by urinary tract infection" [7], but was not immediately sent to the hospital, obviously out of his desire to die in the Vatican. Later that day, there was news in the Vatican that John Paul II was given the sacrament of the patient anointing (formerly known as the sacrament of the End of the Funeral Church), which was the first time the Pope had accepted the sacrament since the attempted assassination in 1981. It is impossible to confirm whether he also accepted the blessing of the apostolic. [8]

On April 1, the condition worsened sharply and the heart and kidneys failed rapidly. To treat high fever, the pope connected a second esophageal tube through his nostrils to help increase nutritional intake. On the morning of the same day, the report pointed out that the pope had a myocardial infarction but was still awake. [9] Vatican spokesman Joaquinnava

o-valls) denied the news of myocardial infarction, but said the pope had a “heart and circulatory collapse” and said the pope’s condition was “serious”.[10]

Several Italian news organizations reported the death of the pope at 20:20 CEST (UTC+8th at 02:20 AM), but the Vatican soon denied it. Skytalia reported that the pope's heart and brain were still working.

On April 2, 00:30 CEC Summer Time (06:30 Beijing Time), a Vatican spokesman further revealed the pope's health in the briefing and confirmed that the pope had received the sacrament of patients' oil application.

The Pope refused to go to the hospital, and he met with his close entourage, including Josephratzinge

) Cardinal. Cardinal said, "He knew he was about to die and made his final farewell to me." The Pope also asked others to recite the heart prayer about the suffering path of the cross a few days ago.

In the last hours of the Pope's death, a large number of younger congregations were vigiling outside his Vatican residence. In his last words, especially those for young people all over the world, he said:

"I went to you, and now you came to me. I thank you."

In the evening, the Vatican declared that the Pope's condition was "still serious and he had a fever again in the morning." However, "his answered correctly in response to family greetings."

At about 17:00 UTC time, Italian news agency claimed that Pope John Paul II had lost consciousness. Some hospitals claimed that the Pope was almost impossible to wake up again. The Vatican issued a communique to refute this statement, but admitted that the Pope's kidney function had been lost. Ansa News Agency reported again that the Pope had lost consciousness half an hour later.

According to the priest ja

ekcieleski said that the last word the pope said before his death was "Ameng" (i.e. Protestant "Amen"), and then closed his eyes in his own room. The time was 21:37cest (19:37utc) on April 2 at the age of 84. The main causes of death written by the Pope's death certificate were septic shock and heart failure. [11][12]

Those present at the time of his death were his two personal secretaries, Archbishop Stanislaw Kivizi, and mieczys?awww.piaotian.comjawww.piaotian.comis?awww.piaotian.com. Three nuns who served as maids of the Sacred Heart of Jesus were at their residence on the occasion of the Pope's death. The Pope's personal doctor, Dr. Renatobuzzocomti, and two other doctors, were alessand

oba

Doctor Elli and Ci

Dr. od'allo and his respective nurses were also on standby.

Cardinal Angelo Sodano, Secretary of State, Cardinal Eduardo Martinez, Director of Finance of the Vatican, Cardinal Leonardo Sandri, Deputy Director of the Vatican, and Paolosa, Deputy Director of the Vatican, Paolosa, Deputy Director of the Vatican
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