As a post-80s generation who grew up in reform and opening up, Liu Baiyu has also complained more than once that why the reform and opening up was not reformed and opened up at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, delaying thirty years. When he grew up, he knew what global industrial transfer was only to know how ridiculous his ideas were. In the past thirty years of reform and opening up, the US imperialists did not carry out industrial transfer in the 1980s and the era after industrial transfer were actually very different.

Moreover, reform and opening up is not a simple economic issue, but also a political issue for taking sides in the world after World War II. The United States is NATO in military terms, economic terms, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the Soviet Union is a Warsaw Pact in military terms, and economic meetings. At that time, China wanted to enter the US system, which was a huge threat to the Soviet Union. It was still good that all the borders were lost. If China and the United States were closer, then the Soviet Union's steel torrents would be smooth from Outer Mongolia to North China!

Even if you open the golden finger that is against the sky, there is another problem. If you want to trade with the West on a large scale, it is OK. Let’s know how much debt was inherited by China at that time?

The plunder of China by world powers began after the Opium War in the Qing Dynasty. The peak was naturally 1 in the Xinchou Treaty. China compensated various countries with 450 million taels of silver, paid off in 39 years, with principal and interest of 980 million taels. Of course, it also created the American friendship in some people's mouths - the "great move" of Americans who kept praising praises on the Internet to return the Boxer Indemnities. Unfortunately, most Chinese people are not interested in this act of robbing you first and then using part of your money to rob you to get a school. After all, like Hu Shi, there are not many people who sincerely thank this "kindness".

In fact, the American rulers have long said it clearly: the Boxer Rebellion has proved that China is a nation that will not succumb to foreign forces, and its resistance will not stop. No country has enough troops and energy to control this huge and distant country. He suggested that the means of using Chinese agents to rule and plunder China.

The United States came too late, and China's sphere of influence was divided up by various powers, so the Americans took a different approach to investing in the construction of Tsinghua University, which was called "Supporting China's education cause (when there are so many illiterate people in China, they do not go to elementary schools or literacy to run universities???) stipulates that the university must send many international students to the United States every year. James, president of the University of Ireno in the United States, claimed in a memorandum to Roosevelt in 1906: "Which country can educate this generation of Chinese youth, and which country can get the greatest gains in spiritual and commercial influence due to the efforts paid in this regard." "Business following the spiritual dominance is more reliable than following the military flag."

Of course, this trick is actually not a clever one. As early as 1644, the Qing Dynasty, who had just left the primitive society and entered the slave society, understood that the former was called the imperial examination, and the latter was called the flag lifting...

After the Qing Dynasty was destroyed, all warlords were in the spirit of glory and wealth, and the people paid for the arms, and they became more unscrupulous. When the Chinese warlords were fighting, the Western economic group used arms as loans, so that all warlords must use national interests as collateral for arms. When the Northern Expedition began, they ordered the armies of various countries to directly interfere in the Northern Expedition without hesitation, creating the Nanjing tragedy. Until Chang Kaishen betrayed the revolution and promised foreign countries that my government could inherit the Beiyang warlords since the Beiyang warlords.

Some foreign debts have led Western countries to give up the warlords they supported and fully support Chang Kaishen. How much is this foreign debt? It is equivalent to the national currency of 744447593.598 billion yuan. From 1927 to 1933, the principal and interest of foreign debts with certain guarantees reached more than 249 million silver dollars. As of June 1934, the amount of 856 million silver dollars had been recognized and classified. When encountering such a surrender, Western bankers finally smiled.

Of course, if you make up your mind to repay, Yugong will have an end to move mountains. However, the Chang Kaishen regime only knows how to borrow money and cannot produce it. Therefore, under Chang Kaishen's rule, the debts will never be paid back. The four major families of Chiang Kaishen borrowed debts and used national interests to repay them. Until 1949, the total amount of debts reached 30 billion yuan. These debts plus the interest paid back, I believe that the Chinese people will not turn over... Of course, this does not prevent it. To this day, there are still a large number of people who don't know whether they are ignorant or ulterior motives who miss and worship Chang Kaishen - that's fine. Chang Kaishen's things are also doing, and he did the most, but he still missed his so-called new era woman, Mrs. Jiang, who suggested that the United States throw an atomic bomb to China - what should we say!?

When Stu Leiden saw the People's Liberation Army passing downstairs, he did not leave and stayed. Later, he was written into the famous "Farewell, Stu Leiden". Some guys who didn't know how to repay the debts and money thought it was said that Chairman Mao ruined the opportunity to establish diplomatic relations between China and the United States with his momentary intention, but the reason why Stu Leiden stayed was that "opened his eyes and wanted to open a new store and make a fortune." In fact, it was very simple to put it bluntly. If the Communist Party replaced the National Government, then the debt should also be inherited. This is the calculation of the Western Economic Group.

In short, they cannot have huge bad debts. But Chairman Mao is not Chiang Kai-shek, and he will not let the People's Republic bear foreign debts that have never been paid for in ten lifetimes just to make Wall Street financiers happy. So Stuart Leiden must get out. This is the true abolition of unequal treaties. China's economy can finally start over, rather than climbing up slowly from a bottomless pit. Of course, what the United States feels most distressed is not the defeat of Chiang Kai-shek's government, but the sky-high loans that can never be recovered, because Chiang Kai-shek, who fled to Taiwan, will never be able to repay those debts with a small island...

Then in order to maintain Taiwan, a flag that restrains the mainland, the United States has exempted its debts - it can't afford to pay anyway, and it is market support - industrial transfer, which has helped Taiwan, the four Asian dragons.

So some people climaxed again. If the Kuomintang was in power - then the United States supported Taiwan's efforts to support the mainland, and the mainland would have developed long ago - brother, you think the real world is a game, the market is unlimited, and there is no need for supply and demand balance. Even if it is a game, you have to know how to do arithmetic. If the billions of people in the mainland follow Taiwan's income level, the scale of China's economy in 1980 would be Japan and the United States! What is more than the United Kingdom and the yield per mu is 10,000 kilograms, etc. are far worse than this.

Of course, some readers asked, Germany was carrying huge compensation, and the pain was over after a few times of inflation. The pain was over? Hero Chang Kaishen had never issued gold coupons for buying things on sacks!

However, Germany is a great power, the German mark is a hard currency, and it can be dependent on the debt. The most fundamental thing is that they are an industrial power, and arming Germany can also threaten the Soviet Union, right? What about us, Chang Kaishen? The consequence of being beaten by Japan - the consequence of arming you - is to cultivate the People's Liberation Army, a world-leading army, and then hit the big money-owner of the United States in North Korea? Just Chang Kaishen, a cheating person, allows you to dependent on the debt. You are not qualified to be cannon fodder, you will only know if you know if you are a cannon fodder?

Even with Liu Baiyu traveling through this golden finger, China is actually facing a similar situation. In addition to having a little more chips, the essence is still the same. Yes, there are many priceless treasures in the future, such as the world's future mineral distribution map and future high-tech. It is possible to bring out all the foreign debts in order to exempt the West from all foreign debts. But whether it is Liu Baiyu, Chairman Li Desheng and Premier Wu Hao, they are both ambitious Chinese people. If they want to be strong in China in the shortest time, how can they do such a thing as killing chickens and getting eggs? They are not that smart, confused about big things, and only talented in a province.

Liu Baiyu's abacus is that inflation is a big killer, and we have to rely on the debt. We are just cheating people, but we can't rely on the debt as much as the Soviet Union - we have to play tricks. We don't recognize the debt, but we have to figure it out. We must not recognize the account of Chang Kaishen's People's Liberation Army, right? As for what we recognize in detail, we have to send a professional accountant to talk to us bit by bit...

China has so many foreign debts, one by one, for a total of ten or twenty years - by that time, inflation will almost swallow the principal - and our Chinese RMB is not a hard currency, so you don't want to repay foreign debts? It just so happened that Liu Baiyu sold the future goods brought by 2008, opened up the market, and impacted foreign industries - there was even a huge profit to buy and sell - intellectual property rights!

If industry standards, intellectual property rights, and advanced technologies are all in the hands of China, will the United States have other options besides deindustrialization and retraction from North America's closed-door country?

This is why Liu Baiyu opposed the abolition of debts in this time and space just like history - it is not worth it, these foreign trade channels are still useful.

But now, this trend of silver coins in New China that did not exist in history has posed a huge threat to the layout of New China. If the Soviet Union took the opportunity to fuel the fire, it might have to go one side to the Soviet camp as in history. When it is separated from the Soviet camp, it will take several decades to delay.

How could Liu Baiyu not be angry? Not anxious?

The question is, what is the use of urgent and what is the use of anger? It is useless! Liu Baiyu said nothing in the car, thinking about a solution - this micro-financial war against silver "renminbi" in Shanghai, to put it bluntly, isn't it another battlefield where two whites and one blacks are viciously speculating?

Two white and one black are three necessities of daily necessities: food, salt and coal. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the inertial inflation caused by the Kuomintang's gold and round bonds caused the old Shanghai speculative financiers to speculate, causing prices to soar, and the new Chinese government closed the Shanghai financial exchanges.

When it comes to the finance of old China, we are a little overwhelmed. What is the standard of old China? I have said more than once that old China is not a normal country in strict terms, but colonies should have a standard, right? But what about old China? It is necessary to analyze the specific facts.

Generally speaking, the fundamental part of agricultural society is grain, and gold and silver are just credits for huge commercial circulation. Old China was not an industrial country, so the grain standard was real. After all, in the agricultural society, once the grain harvest failed, the landlords kept holding on to the grain, and the price of grain soared - gold, silver and copper coins were equivalent to a sharp depreciation of grain - they were all retained programs for thousands of years.

China was a dual urban-rural society at that time. After the Opium War, due to the dumping of Western industrial products, the finance of big cities was really in line with the world. Most countries in the 19th century implemented the silver standard, but in the early 20th century, due to the breakthrough in silver mining technology, countries gave up the silver standard and changed to the gold standard. In 1930, among the world's major powers, except for China, Mexico and Spain, they still implemented the silver standard, silver in other countries became common

This leads to a serious problem, that is, the Chinese monetary system using silver dollars as the main currency will inevitably be unstable due to the rise and fall of the world's silver price. As the largest silver country at that time, China's annual silver production was not high. Once the international silver price fluctuated too violently, it would inevitably seriously affect the stability of its own currency value and the overall economic operation. After the world economic crisis, silver prices fell for four consecutive years, and countries in China purchased silver from China for speculation, with an amount of nearly 300 million yuan.

After the United States abandoned the gold standard in 1933, it subsequently enacted the Silver Purchase Act and the Silver Act, with the aim of raising the silver price by state-owned silver and a large number of silver acquisitions at home and abroad, and manipulating the world's silver market. The United States' move, ostensibly to please domestic silver mine capitalists, is essentially to stimulate the purchasing power of silver-standard countries by raising the silver price to help dump the remaining products of the United States into these countries and alleviate the economic crisis of its own country. As US President Hoover said: "The purchasing power of China and India depends on the price of silver, and they are now affected."

The selfish practices of the United States have triggered a "silver wave" around the world. As the United States acquires a large number of silver, the world's silver price has soared rapidly. In major financial centers, the price of silver in London has increased from 20 pence per ounce to 33 pence, while the price of silver in New York has also risen from 45 cents to 74 cents, which once exceeded 80 cents, almost doubled.

The abnormal rise in international silver prices has had a great impact on the Chinese economy and the Chang Kaishen government currency reform. Since the silver prices in London and New York have greatly exceeded the domestic prices in China, this not only caused foreign banks to ship the silver they stored to foreign countries for sale, but also caused some foreign banks to spare no effort to collect silver in China, and silver dollars even make huge profits through smuggling. In addition to the incompetence and inefficiency of the Chang Kaishen government, in just a few months, the bank deposit reserves of foreign banks in China have dropped sharply from more than 200 million yuan to less than 20 million yuan, becoming the lowest point in decades.

The consequences of large-scale outflow of silver are extremely serious. This time, the outflow of silver caused by the US "Silver Act" is even more fierce. Although silver has improved China's purchasing power, the more serious consequences are deflation due to the continuous outflow of silver. The tightening of the money supply of major banks has seriously affected normal lending. As a result, it triggered a chain reaction: industrial and commercial enterprises have difficulty in capital turnover due to the inability to obtain loans or lack of cash bank, and cannot expand or operate normally. This has led to a large number of workers and employees being unemployed. Due to weakening of consumption capacity, prices in the market plummeted, resulting in a large number of industrial and commercial enterprises being unprofitable and a large number of bankruptcy went bankrupt. According to statistics, around the Mid-Autumn Festival in 1935 alone, 166 Shanghai businesses closed down.

The decline in grain prices caused by China's economic tightening, coupled with the dumping of surplus grain in the United States, led to a large-scale bankruptcy of Chinese landlords - all landlords went bankrupt, let alone farmers? Therefore, during the first domestic revolutionary war, the rapid expansion of the Red Army was directly related to this silver crisis.

When the US Silver Act was discussed, the Chinese Banking Association expressed opposition to the letter to the US, but the US government ignored it. After the large amount of silver from China was outflowed, Chinese Finance Minister Kong Xiangxi even ignored the normal diplomatic procedures and directly called on President Roosevelt, hoping that the United States would inform China in advance when purchasing a large amount of silver so that China could react. Three months after the implementation of the Silver Act, Chinese Ambassador to the United States Shi Zhaoji said indignantly: "China is a silver-based country. The US silver purchase bill has caused China to suffer monetary tightening, economic losses, and huge amounts of silver outflows, which is shocking... In order to avoid losses, China should not maintain the silver standard system alone, so it has considered gradually adopting the gold standard system."

When all the negotiations were finally invalid, the National Government had to take measures to remedy themselves, in order to prevent the crazy outflow of silver. In October 1934, China announced the issuance of a 10% silver export tax and a balanced tax determined based on the fluctuations of the world's silver price to prevent or reduce the outflow of silver. However, after the heavy silver tax was imposed, although normal exports were reduced, because the international silver price was still rising, and even some countries used warships to transport silver exports were still frequently encountered. According to rough estimates, the silver outflow from China in 1935 was still 150 million to 230 million yuan.

But it is ironic that it is precisely because of the continuous decline in food prices that the Chang Kaishen government can organize multiple encirclements and suppression of the base areas. If it is in the form of 47 years later, Chang Kaishen's little money cannot support such frequent large-scale military activities.

Because of this crisis, Chang Kaishen thought that the grain standard was outdated. Some American food is not reliable. There are few countries in the world who are engaged in the silver standard, so I just slapped my head - learn the advanced gold standard in the world! It should be said that Chang Kaishen's trick is not stupid. You see, the lesson is in front, and the universal value of the advanced countries in the world is the gold standard. Is Chang Kaishen right? At least it is not worse than some economists who are not down-to-earth now!

Moreover, Chang Kaishen is also more skillful in playing the issue of gold yuan coupons. 40% must be gold, silver and foreign exchange, and the rest are assets with securities and state-owned undertakings formulated by the government. The legal gold content of each gold yuan coupon is 0.22217 grams. It is issued by the central bank, with a total issuance of 2 billion yuan.

Look, isn’t this real money? There are also state-owned assets and foreign exchange mortgages!
Chapter completed!