The half-official and half-people enterprises in the Westernization Movement were the government’s supervision of business offices. They first lent the funds paid by the government to the relevant merchants. Then they used the credit of the government’s shareholding to collect funds from private enterprises, and then returned the borrowed official funds. The profits were shared according to the proportion of shares held.

For example, in 1872, Li Hongzhang led the establishment of the China Merchants Group, such as Shanghai Machine Weaving Layout, such as shipping, coal mines, telecommunications, textiles and other enterprises.

This thing has a little effect in absorbing new technologies, but the biggest problem of such companies is personnel rights, and the management rights are all in the hands of officials.

Even if a civilian businessman invests in a shareholding, it is just a waste. You cannot ask whether the funds are reasonable or whether the personnel management is effective or not!

("If the Chinese spinning layout is like the official office (official office), it will actually attract investment and collect shares (the silver book is private), and if the online business office (private), there will be general office, assistant, and promotion (the position is official). Even if the business people invest, it is no different from the way (follower), and the profits will be paid at the end of the year, and it will not be discussed whether the bureau fees should be slaughtered or not, and whether the officials should be used (don't worry)... This is like the example of Taixi, and the shareholders and general offices are separated from the clouds. It is also called "Ca", "Ca", "Ca", "Ca", "Ca" and "Ca" are also called "Ca", "Ca" and "Ca" are also called "Ca" and "Ca" are also called "Ca".

(In addition to paying money, shareholders can just act as officials to respond). Moreover, merchants are profit-oriented and do not rely on officials’ supervision and then know how to seek profit. (Businessmen do not need officials to supervise themselves and want to make money). Once officials are supervising, they use officials to recommend the people. If there are too many feelings, they will be full of things. Merchants are infected with official spirit. If a vain official passes through the border and is about to make arrangements, they will also respond in many ways, and the situation is very complicated. (Businessmen have official spirit, and when they meet high officials, they have to handle social activities, all of which are the cost of the enterprise) Vol.

Although it is similar to the Western shareholding system, in front of the decaying officials of the Qing Dynasty, a commoner dared to point fingers at the officials? He didn't know how to die!

If the Manufacturing Bureau is now supervising the business office, Zhao Kuo sent Huan to assist the country in charge. Not to mention Chen Qirong, his father came to see Huan's face. Huan's helping the country's machine is a big deal. Buy the country of any country, and buy the coal of the land and coal of the country to enter. Whoever wants to be appointed to the position of the general manager is whom. Chen Kai dares to say "no"?

Even now, in order to curry favor with the government, Chen Qirong, the official and businessman, asked him for the word "diligence" and offered him a 2,000 tael of silver book payment. Needless to think about it, the money was all reimbursed to the manufacturing bureau for reimbursement!

And even if the official supervision and business office were done well, I really found a group of stupid books and crazy books that were not greedy and made official enterprises very good, and that there was a very terrifying problem. After 1908, the import volume of machine imports continued to increase, but the number of new enterprises started sharply decreased until the emergence of a much larger industrialization movement in 1918-1922. These trends can indicate that capital investment in the privileged enterprises that have been started is increasing, while the difficulties of new enterprises entering the limited market are getting greater and greater.

When the Song Dynasty was created, if you had power, you could monopolize it. Will the Song Dynasty Krupp appear? Will the Song Dynasty Boeing appear?

After thinking about it, Zhao Kuo decided to withdraw all official resources and leave the manufacturing bureau, and turn this factory book into a civilian.

Of course, the Chinese lived a very perverted life under the enslave civilization of the Qing Dynasty. In order to save a few steps, they did not go through the main gate and all went through the back gate. Maybe they could emptie the company by cheating, but Zhao Kuojue didn't care - in terms of industry, this is a technical job. If cheating can get ahead, it must be an official imposed. A group of illiterate old farmers in the Manufacturing Bureau of the Song Dynasty knew who had good skills and who could make a living. If it was really fair, could you cheat everyone?

If you really don’t have the ability, then let the factory books go bankrupt. China is so big and has so many people, there will always be business wizards coming out.

After all, private people are much better than the official participation. The two evils are less harmful. Zhao Kuo decided to take the risk of giving it for free. It is impossible not to give it for free. The tigers forced him to think about how to steal his dragon's pocket every day. The books in this factory were ruined. Why did he spend money? Isn't it just for arms? Now I can't create a large amount of qualified arms at all. What is it not a waste factory? Who bought the refrigerator and did not refrigerate but didn't want to throw it away? Use it as an oven?

If the factory books continue to be scrapped, at least the little book will go bankrupt by itself. It is not that he cheated on a group of thieves every day but produced scrap iron, and maybe it turned it into treasure.

"Learn from the Qing Dynasty? The word "Manchu Qing Dynasty" is equivalent to the English word prefix - anti-anti!! The Manchu Westernization Movement? Anti-Westernization Movement?!" Zhao Kuo thought fiercely, and walked to the door. Zhao Kuo called Zhao Ying: "Send someone to watch out for them, don't let idle people disturb you. Let them get off work at the same time, eat at the same time, and go to work at the same time. I'll go back first."

Three days later, twenty French Minnie rifles imitated by the Song Dynasty were placed in front of Zhao Kuo.

Zhao Kuo asked Zhao Ying with a nervous look on his face: "Have you tried it? What did that foreign technician say?"

Zhao Ying smiled and said, "I have tested the guns, and they are all excellent, 5 are qualified, and 2 are unqualified."

"Ha, not bad! 80% available. Excellent guns can appear once, and they will definitely appear in large numbers in the future. Look at the group of workers, who are like beggars, are living under Chen Qirong every day and waiting to die. If they don't concentrate on their technical studies, I'm surprised that they can make them." Zhao Kuo picked up and breathed a sigh of relief.

"Who is faster?" Zhao Kuo asked, touching the gun.

"Finally, Zheng Shaoting's group was almost half an hour." Zhao Ying smiled and continued, "But something happened. Li Yuting was brought by me. Now he is kneeling outside." "What's wrong with him?" Zhao Kuo asked in surprise.

"He wants to cry for justice." Zhao Ying smiled bitterly.
Chapter completed!