, at night, the US Air Force's strategic aviation force carried out the first round of bombing.

According to Ducheway's requirements, the US Air Force dispatched the Odd-type strategic bomber. Because the Tuo is used to replace the already old Odd and Thug series of "cheap bombers." Although the performance is better and much newer than the Republic Air Force, it also does not have strategic penetration capabilities. Therefore, like the Republic Air Force's approach, the US bombers also use hypersonic cruise missiles with a range of nearly 4,000 meters.

The attack came very violently and violently.

A total of the New Yorkers projected nearly the old hypersonic cruise missiles, attacking hundreds of targets in northern Syria, with an average of one missile attacking a target for the thug. In the face of a modern air defense system, such attack efficiency is already very outstanding.

Facing high-value strategic targets, hypersonic cruise missiles not only need to break through the enemy's strategic defense system, but also need to avoid the war zone air defense and anti-missile system. Before hitting the target, they also have to break through the blockade of the last interception system. It is not a matter of using "passing five levels and killing six generals" to describe the penetration process of hypersonic cruise missiles. Because cruise missiles can use flexible and changeable ballistics to avoid the enemy's air defense system, or pass through the gaps in the air defense system, the faster speed can shorten the time when the missile is exposed to the air defense system and improve the penetration rate. Therefore, during the entire catty and penetration process, the main enemy of hypersonic cruise missiles is not those long-range air defense systems, but the final interception system guarding near the target.

With the advent of energy weapons such as high-energy lasers, particle beam weapons, etc., the last-stage interception system has almost become the nemesis of all strike ammunition. Not to mention the huge cruise missiles, even much smaller shells can be intercepted.

How to break through the last line of defense has become the key to improving the combat efficiency of cruise missiles.

In a sense, the flight speed of cruise missiles is increased from subsonic to supersonic, and then to hypersonic above Mach 6, in order to increase the probability of penetration of missiles. If you are facing rapid-fired machine guns, the most typical representative of rolling missiles is the end-of-interception system of the "Ram" air defense missile jointly developed by the United States and Germany at the end of the century and the beginning of the century. Not to mention hypersonic, as long as the speed exceeds Mach 3, the probability of penetration of missiles will be astonishingly high. In fact, the Republic and the United States spend huge sums of money to develop energy interception systems because the traditional end-of-stage interception system has lagged behind and cannot deal with missiles with faster and faster speeds.

It can be seen that hypersonic cruise missiles and energy interception systems were born almost at the same time.

When developing hypersonic cruise missiles, engineers must first consider how to deal with energy interception systems. Because in the 1900s, only high-energy lasers and other energy weapons, including rapid-fire electromagnetic guns, are in the theoretical research stage or engineering testing stage, so the first thing missile engineers have to deal with is the threat of high-energy lasers.

Unlike high-energy lasers in strategic defense systems, the high-energy lasers in the terminal interception system have their own characteristics.

In any case, there must be a big difference between intercepting cruise and missiles that are about to reach the front and intercepting ballistic missiles hundreds of kilometers or even thousands of kilometers away. Not to mention, cruise missiles often "cluster attacks" or even dozens of missiles at the same time. This situation is most common in naval battles, so the high-energy lasers used in the last-stage interception system must have the ability to intercept multiple targets in a very short time. In addition to the need for a more advanced fire-food system, there are also requirements for the working method of high-energy lasers, that is, the time to attack any target must be calculated in milliseconds, and it is impossible to continuously illuminate a target.

It can be seen that all high-energy lasers in the final interception system should be pulsed laser weapons.

To put it simply, it means outputting energy that is sufficient to destroy the target in an instant.

Compared with this, because the combat distance is too far, the laser beam will attenuate during the transmission process. Therefore, the lasers used in the strategic defense system are continuous waves or continuous pulses, which need to continuously illuminate the target for several seconds, or even last for many seconds to burn through the target's shell and destroy the target. The address of this site has been changed to: Apart from Gu, please log in to read!

In response to this situation, the missile engineers thought of many ways.

First, increase the missile ballistic height, allow the missile to fly at the top of the atmosphere or within the ionosphere, launch an attack in a "over-top" manner, and avoid entering the combat range of the last-stage intercept system too early. Second, use the last-stage boost rocket engine to increase the missile's dive attack speed from 6 to old Mach during cruise to more than Mach 20, reaching the level of ballistic missiles, and minimizing the time exposed to the combat range of the last-stage intercept system. Third, use pre-plastic explosion singles to detonate the missile body when the warhead attacks the target, interfere with the sighting equipment of the intercept system, increase the reflection time of the intercept system, and improve the warhead's penetration rate. Finally, use a ballistic thermal shield, that is, apply a layer of paint that will evaporate and vaporize after being heated, carrying huge heat generated after being attacked by energy weapons, to prevent the warhead from deviating from the original ballistic due to overheating deformation.

In actual use, these methods are often used at the same time.

Some people may say, why not let the warhead rotate, increase the irradiation area of ​​the energy weapon, and thus disperse the heat generated during irradiation. Because the laser propagation speed is that the pulse pulse of the ice pulse per second of the irradiation pulse of the metering device is in milliseconds to tens of milliseconds. "When illuminating a missile with a pulse laser, it is like shooting a preret dancer with a pistol. It is meaningless to care about the front of the bullet, no matter how fast the actor rotates.

In fact, as early as the end of the force era, the Republic developed the first grenade of Wumm, the thug. It turned out that the spin motion of the shell did not have much impact on the pulsed laser. As long as the output energy of the laser is large enough, it will definitely burn the shell. The aerodynamic shape of the shell changes and causes the shell to deviate from the target. According to theoretical calculations, it will deal with more than four evil watts and output at least force kilograms and pulses within milliseconds of falling.

In the middle of the Ugly Era, the Republic and the United States made lasers with output power exceeding Daojiwatt. In the late August, lasers with output power of Tianjiwattttttps://www.

According to the development plan formulated by the laser laboratory of the Republic Physical Experimental Center, it is certain that lasers with an output power of 4 GW before the end of the year, and lasers with an output power of jinjiwa will be developed before the end of the year, and the 4 GW lasers will have practical deployment capabilities.

According to the secret test conducted by the Physical Experiment Center, as long as the output power of the laser reaches the thug-type controllable fusion reactor, and a battery that can store approximately kilowatt-hours of electric energy.

In fact, even in front of the Ligiva-class lasers that have been deployed on a large scale, many missiles have become decorations.

Among the aforementioned trough missile penetration technology, the most important thing is the latter two.

When attacking, the warhead and the bullet body can be separated. First, it can create a false target by detonating the bullet body, and second, it can reduce the volume of the bullet body to avoid burning and deforming because the bullet body is hit by a laser, thereby affecting the flight trajectory of the warhead. The problem is that in order to speed up the penetration speed, the warhead is often installed on the warhead. Moreover, as the requirements for penetration speed become higher and higher, this rocket engine, which was originally only used to adjust the ballistics, is getting bigger and bigger. For example, the feather-type cruise was successfully developed in the Year of Libian.

In missiles, the mass of the booster engine only accounts for the mass of the warhead. In the Feishu cruise missile successfully developed in Tiannian, this proportion has reached Yao, and it is expected that the next generation of missiles will be increased to 6. In order to ensure the attack power of the missile, the payload of the warhead cannot be much lower. In this way, the overall quality of the warhead can only be improved, so that the mass of the cruise missile becomes larger and larger. The cost of increasing points is still a secondary problem. As the warhead increases, the penetration efficiency will naturally decrease sharply!

It is obvious that it doesn't make much sense to continue to increase the flight speed of the missile.

To break through the last line of defense composed of high-energy lasers, you can only make a fuss about passive protection. To put it bluntly, it is to apply a good enough paint on the warhead. In fact, this paint is not mysterious, it is used on heat-insulating paint on return satellites, spacecraft and space shuttles. To be precise, this paint takes away heat by heat vaporization, rather than isolating heat. At the beginning of the feather, almost all cruise missiles that use high-splitting trajectory and launch a last-stage attack in a vertical dive are used.

Of course, no matter how good the paint is, it has its ultimate performance.

To put it simply, as the laser output energy traverses higher and multiple pulses are emitted during attack, so to completely offset the energy brought by the laser, you have to apply a thick enough paint. In fact, the missile's warhead is very limited, and the thickness of the paint is also very limited. The energy of the laser increases at a rate of more than a year, and the coating thickness of the missile cannot be increased at this speed.

As a last resort, the missile engineer did not find a better solution. The address of this site has been changed to: I wish you a sigh of relief, please log in to read it!

Theoretically, "discrete scattering interference" has the most promising development. This interference method is not complicated. Just like the "electromagnetic interference system", it releases some ionized materials to change the refractive index and scattering of the surrounding air, allowing the laser beam to refract or scatter before hitting the target, thereby dispersing the energy of the laser beam. Of course, it is not difficult to do this. After all, ionized materials require a lot of energy, and there is no way to plug in the small warhead.

Of course, there is also a relatively simple solution, that is, adopt a "sharp appearance"

To put it bluntly, the missile's warhead is designed from long and sharp, just like an enlarged steel needle. Although doing so will greatly reduce the payload of the warhead and increase the design difficulty of the missile, it has a unique advantage when fighting high-energy lasers, that is, it is difficult for the laser beam to directly attack a certain point. For example, when the laser beam illuminates the warhead, except for the tip of the warhead, the laser illuminates on the side surface of the warhead is like winter sunshine, and there is no "spicy" design. This design has a more obvious advantage, that is, it is very suitable for over-top attack, that is, the missile launches from the zenith of the target.

In fact, the vampire used this kind of warhead.

During the war, most of the long-range cruise missiles used by the Erzhi Group were not only vomited, but also the majority of them were wiped out.

The United States is not willing to lag behind. It began to purchase large-scale hypersonic cruise missiles in just 2018.

This is a cruise missile that is very similar to "Wu". Since it uses a warhead with a large aspect ratio, the warhead runs through the entire missile lift. Three rockets with a type-friendly design, and the ramjet integrated engine is "bound" outside the warhead. After launch, the missile first accelerates to Mach 2 under the push of the rocket booster engine at the tail. Then the ramjet starts working, increasing the missile's flight speed to about the thug's mattress, and increasing the flight altitude to fantasy kilometers. If the attack distance exceeds 4,000 meters, the missile will use the tension of the atmosphere, and fly in a wavy ballistic at the top of the atmosphere like water floating. If the attack distance is within 4,000 meters, the missile will continue to fly in the ionosphere to avoid being discovered by the enemy's detection system too early. The missile's engine will be unprecedentedly ahead of the missile target, and the missile's engine will be switched to the rocket working mode, that is, the oxidant it carries will be lifted with

High combustion efficiency. Increase the missile's flight speed from Mach 0 to Mach, and control the rocket engine through attitude to change the missile's ballistics, so that the missile enters the dive attack stage. After re-entering the stratosphere, the three engines of the missile are separated from the warhead. Because at this time, the engine and the warhead are at the same speed, the three engines act as bait bombs. After entering the troposphere, the self-destruction devices on the three engines will be activated and blown into pieces to provide cover for the warheads that have already rushed to the front. Because the warhead adopts a large aspect ratio, the maximum flight speed will be close to Mach at the end of the sprint, and the old kilometer will be completed. Only need to install a ground interception system, generally only 4 to 6 sets of high-energy lasers, so at most 4 to 6 cruise missiles can be intercepted at the same time. That is to say, if a target is attacked by a missile, at least 3 missiles can be guaranteed to hit.

Standard.

In fact, high-energy lasers have little effect on missiles like Wu and Youyijiu.

Energy weapons experts from the Republic and the United States have long recognized this problem, so when high-energy lasers just entered their heyday, they increased their research efforts on particle beam weapons and electric collision cannons. In any case, the combat medium of laser weapons is photons without mass, and can only be used to transmit energy to destroy the internal structure of the target, and cannot cause direct damage to the target. The interception effect is naturally not much better. To improve the interception effect, mass media must be used. The medium of particle beam weapons is mass particles including electromagnetic, neutrons, protons, atomic nuclei, molecules, etc. The ring of the electromagnetic gun is even more macroscopic matter.

As early as the early days of the Blade, the Republic and the United States began to develop particle beam weapons one after another.

Of course, from the perspective of reality, the application prospects of rapid-fire electromagnetic guns are more optimistic. According to the theory of the Republic's Center for Physical Experimental, as long as sufficient progress can be made in spiral electric impact guns, it is possible to develop an electromagnetic gun with a muzzle speed exceeding a force kilometers per second. The ultimate muzzle speed of the rail-to-rail electric impact gun is old kilometers per second, and in fact it can only reach 8 kilometers per second. Because key equipment such as energy storage equipment and pulse dischargers have been solved when developing high-energy lasers, and the shells of the spiral electromagnetic gun do not come into contact with the barrel and will not rub and generate heat, so there is no need to consider

The heat generated by excessive fire rate. Therefore, the rate of fire of a rapid-fire electromagnetic gun can exceed four rounds per minute. If you need to use old shells to form a barrage to destroy a target, then it only takes five milliseconds to open the fire time. "A four-gawatt-class laser fire cycle is about milliseconds. According to the conclusions drawn from computer simulation analysis, if the gun ratio speed of the electromagnetic gun can be increased to more than kilometers per second and the rate of fire is increased to more than four rounds per minute, the interception efficiency of the rapid-fire electric collision cannon will exceed that of high-energy lasers and particle beam weapons, becoming the first choice of last-stage interception system.

In any case, the struggle between missiles and interception systems is a competition of speed.

Whoever is faster will have more hope of winning.

Of course, in practical applications, no commander considers these technical issues.

For any commander, it only takes into account how many missiles it will take to destroy the target, and how many targets it needs to be destroyed to achieve the purpose of the battle.

Because Ducheway has been prepared for a long time, the US Air Force has not wasted expensive cruise guides

.

In this sudden attack, the defending party had no chance to fight back. After all, no surface air defense system could effectively deal with strategic bombers about 4 kilometers away. Because the strike was too sudden, the defending party could not even react.

For Pei Chengyi, this may be the biggest pound after the war started. It is an "accident".
Chapter completed!