Overall tactical, the Saipan landing battle was very thrilling...

After the war, many people mentioned a very important issue when analyzing this landing operation, that is, the main combat fleet of the Republic's Navy did not go south to seize sea and air supremacy, and only provided very limited air cover for the landing troops and the Marines after they landed ashore. Affected by this, many people believed that this was the main reason for the extremely tragic landing war in Saipan.

Let’s not talk about the fleet’s lack of bloody and tragic relationship between going south and landing war. Judging from the situation at that time, even if the main fleet of the Republic’s Navy actively moved south, would it be possible to seize sea and air supremacy?

There is no doubt that the result is clear, that is, the seizure of sea and air supremacy cannot be guaranteed.

In fact, the problems exposed by the Republic's Navy during the landing war on Saipan were also problems of the United States Navy. Don't forget that while the main fleet of the Republic's Navy did not go south, the US fleet retreated in Micronesia and the Marshall Islands did not take the initiative to approach the Mariana Islands, but stayed outside the strike range of the Republic's Navy aviation and used carrier-based aviation to provide limited air support to the US troops on the island.

It can be seen from this that the fleet did not take the initiative to attack, which reflects the essence of lack of combat capabilities.

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During the Naval Battle of Maldives, the Republic's fleet and the US fleet both exposed the problem of lack of attack capabilities, especially in the duel between the Indian Ocean Fleet and the US fleet. Even if they had the initiative and launched all their strength, they could not give the US fleet a devastating blow. Of course, the counterattacks launched by the US fleet did not even pose a threat to the Indian Ocean Fleet. All situations prove that in a powerful fleet defense system, especially the soft and hard-wired final defense system composed of energy weapons and forced electromagnetic interference systems, almost all accurate anti-ship ammunition can lose its place to use. Looking further, the two naval battles that broke out before the declaration of war between China and the United States also proved this problem. That is, in conventional naval battles, the offensive tactics with carrier-based aviation as the main strike force are difficult to work, and more effective sea control forces are urgently needed.

Of course, the more effective amount of maritime control is not lacking, but it has not been fully accepted by both parties.

Also in the Naval Battle of Maldives, the South China Sea Fleet proved that large-caliber spiral electromagnetic guns with a range of more than 84,000 meters were reliable sea-control weapons. Although there are still many problems with electromagnetic guns in practical applications, such as the range is not long enough, and the attack methods and tactics are relatively single, etc., no one can deny that in this large-scale naval battle, if there were no such round of artillery attacks of the South China Sea Fleet, the Republic's Navy would likely return empty-handed.

It can be said that the Republic's Navy has recognized the position of electromagnetic guns in sea-controlled warfare.

It is undeniable that the US Navy also learned from the pain and realized the power of electromagnetic cannons.

This can be seen from the combat deployment of both sides.

After the landing battle began, the First Fleet of the Republic's Navy took the initiative to approach the Mariana Islands, and then divided the escort warships into two formations, one formation covering the aircraft carrier, and the other formation covering the fire support fleet moving south. The two formations moved south alternately to ensure timely replenishment of ammunition while covering the aircraft carrier.

According to the combat records of the Republic's Navy, in the landing operations of Saipan, the escort formation undertakes about 30% of the shelling tasks. Because the warships have a more complete fire control system, the shelling accuracy is much higher, but the reaction speed is also much faster. Therefore, the escort formation undertakes support tasks that are more difficult, such as providing close-range artillery support within kilometers for the Marine Corps. It can be seen that the main battleship of the Republic's Navy believes that the landing operations have made great contributions.

In contrast, the U.S. Navy's actions were more conservative.

When the landing battle of Saipan started, the Fifth Fleet and the Seventh Fleet of the US Navy were still active outside the battlefield. The Fifth Fleet was in the northern waters of the Marshall Islands and the Seventh Fleet was in the Motlock Islands in Micronesia. The distance between the two and Saipan was more than 4,000 meters. More importantly, the US Navy did not have a fire support fleet, and the maritime bases for coordinated combat were all behind the fleet, so the two US fleets did not send escort formations to the front line to perform artillery missions. They did not provide long-range artillery support to the defenders on the island. According to the combat records of the US Navy, before the fall of Saipan, the Marines on the island repeatedly asked the fleet to provide fire support, while the fleet only dispatched aviation troops, but did not provide more effective artillery support to the defenders.

It can be said that the lack of artillery fire support from the fleet is one of the major reasons for the fall of Saipan.

The problem is that the blame cannot be attributed to the US Navy. When the war broke out, the US Navy's large-caliber spiral electromagnetic guns were still undergoing finalization tests and there was no mass production. In other words, when the Saipan landing war started, the main battleships of the US Navy were still equipped with relatively backward orbital electromagnetic guns, rather than spiral electromagnetic guns that could compete with the Republic's Navy. Not to mention how much the power of the chest-pound shells was less than that of the kilogram shells, the range gap alone was enough to make the commander of the US fleet think twice before doing it. According to the situation at that time, if the fleet was carried out,

In the artillery battle, even if all US warships use rocket extended range bombs, the accuracy and power of rocket extended range bombs are much worse than ordinary shells. Republic warships use ordinary shells, and the two also have a range difference of about kilometers. For warships with navigation speeds, kilometers require about an hour and a half, and any warship of the Republic's Navy can use all shells in the ammunition depot within an hour. In other words, even if the American warship is lucky enough to avoid all the shells smashed, there is no chance to bombard the Republic's warships with ships.

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Of course, the US military can dispatch air feasters. The Republic's fleet can also dispatch air fleets.

However, when the aviation force's effectiveness against sea strikes is very limited, even if the carrier-based aviation forces on both sides come out in full swing, it is possible to finally decide the outcome with naval guns.

In short, it is absolutely right to stay away when the only effective sea-control weapon is not as good as the opponent.

From the above analysis, because there is no suitable sea-controlling weapon, in naval battles, the main fleets of both sides of the war are in an embarrassing situation of being disconnected from the essence, that is, the fleet, as the main sea-controlling force, cannot assume the combat function, that is, seize the power of sea control. Therefore, the combat use is unclear and cannot find a suitable position on the battlefield, so it cannot be charged

The existence of this problem allows both parties to retain their use of fleets.

In any case, the navy is a strategic service, and even a worthless fleet should not be given up easily, especially fearless sacrifice. That is to say, without a clear purpose or without a definite benefit, the navy will not let the fleet take risks, and it is even more impossible to explore new tactics at the expense of the fleet. Looking back many years ago, in the last Pacific War, even if the battleship had been driven out of the naval battle stage by the aircraft carrier, the warships did not easily sacrifice the battleships. Moreover, in the landing operations in the late war, the battleships did play a very significant role, and the last battleship in the world was retired from the US Navy after almost half the actual end of World War II.

In an era of great tactical changes, before the emergence of a new maritime overlord, neither the Republic nor the United States will easily give up the main fleet with aircraft carriers as the core, nor will they take risks with the main fleet.

Of course, not all combat forces are worthy of protection.

In any case, an aircraft carrier is just a carrier platform for combat weapons, that is, the activity base of the aviation force. When the fleet cannot take risks, it does not mean that the aviation force cannot take risks.

Judging from the battle deployment of both sides of the war, aviation forces are all combat forces that can be consumed.

In the two main fleets of the Republic Navy, there are two sea bases each within a thousand meters, and at least one of them serves the tactical air force, that is, they mainly deploy tactical fighter jets. In this way, when necessary, nearly a thousand fighter jets can be dispatched to provide air cover for the fleet. From the perspective of dispatch efficiency, one attack can be used to dissuade fighters at most. Some people may think that the value of thousands of fighter jets exceeds that of the fleet. This is not wrong, but during war periods, the main criterion for measuring the value of military forces is not market price, but rather The difficulty of mass production. In peacetime, the main reason for the high technology of fighter jets is the high technology, which includes a large amount of intellectual property rights. From the perspective of mass production, fighter jets weighing tens of tons are definitely easier to produce than warships weighing tens of thousands of tons. Moreover, when only considering the cost of raw materials, spare parts costs and labor costs, the manufacturing cost of fighter jets is definitely lower than that of warships. Even from the classification of weapons nature, fighter jets are tactical weapons, and warships are strategic weapons, and another meaning of tactical weapons is "consumable weapons."

Like the Republic Navy, the US Navy also deployed maritime bases behind the two fleets. Moreover, the two maritime bases can cross-support fleet operations. This ensures that the air force on the two maritime bases can be used at the same time to provide air support to the fleet.

This deployment shows that neither navies want to cause losses to the fleet.

Operational deployment determines combat tactics and the battlefield situation.

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When the fleet refused to take the initiative, neither side could ensure air supremacy and sea supremacy, and could only send air force as much as possible to seize air supremacy and sea supremacy. This is why the battle between the tactical aviation forces of both sides for air supremacy ran through the entire landing operation. According to the war reports released by both sides, the last batch of US troops on Saipan were driven out of the underground fortifications by the Republic Marine Corps using intelligent anti-tunnel ammunition nicknamed "Boil Terminator" At that time, the two sides fought hundreds of times in total, and the air combat of all sizes was not enough to fight. The fighter jets shot down in air combat alone exceeded the curved frame. Including the fighter jets shot down by the ground air defense system and other combat aircraft that lost only the fighter jets, the maritime patrol aircraft used to search and rescue parachuting pilots. In order to compete for this island, the two sides lost a total of Youkou aircraft, and more than 4 four pilots died.

Such a fierce battle tests not only the fighting will of the officers and soldiers on both sides, but also the war production capacity of the double chess.

By the end of the battle, the Republic's Navy sent a total of more combat aircraft to the front line, which was equivalent to supplementing the losses of fighter jets and the losses of other fighter jets. The U.S. Navy also sent a new combat aircraft to the front line before the end of the Saipan landing operation. More importantly, both sides added new combat aircraft. In other words, during the Saipan landing operation, the war production capacity of both sides had begun to exert its power. According to some information released by the Republic authorities after the war, by the end of the year, the monthly output of fighter jets in the Republic had reached the curved frame, and the annual output was expected to exceed the old one. The monthly output in the first four months of the strata was not high, and it was planned to be in the morning.

The average monthly output of fighter jets will be increased to the boom frames in the year, and the production capacity will be doubled to reach an annual output of 10,000. The situation in the United States will not be bad. According to the wartime production plan formulated by the US federal government, the annual output of fighter jets will exceed four, and to four more than 10,000. It can be said that during the landing operation of Saipan, the fighter jet production factories in the Republic and the United States have already started at full capacity, and all production lines operate at the highest efficiency, almost reaching the maximum capacity of 6 fighter jets that can be produced every day, namely, one production line, and four fighter jets per year. According to this speed calculation, the additional portable fighter jets sent to the front line by the Republic's Navy is equivalent to the production of all fighter jet factories in the Republic before the monthly period.

It can be imagined that without such a huge production capacity, such a huge war of attrition would be impossible.

Relatively speaking, the real problem is not whether the fighter's production capacity can keep up, but whether the pilot's training speed can exceed the death speed.

You should know that even in the mid-century where magnetic levitation cars have entered thousands of households, pilots are still the most skilled soldiers in the army. Although before the outbreak of the war, the Republic and the United States tried every means to expand the pilot team and try to increase the pilot reserves. For example, the Republic reduced the average service life of pilots from 7 years to 3 years, and eliminated the nearly 2 years of scraping training time, which is equivalent to only a year of service. That is, after basically mastering the tactical key points,

It will leave the troops. By doing so, it has gained a reserve of about 30,000 people. The United States has also trained and reserved 30,000 to 40,000 pilots who can fly fighters in similar ways. This is basically the limit of national reserve capabilities, because if retired pilots want to maintain their skills, the only old one is to join the civil aviation system and become the pilot of civil aviation aircraft. Or flying "If you don't deal with aircraft for a long time, you will no longer be suitable for flight in two years, and like the Republic and the United States,

A great aviation power in the civil aviation field can only accommodate more than 30,000 redundant personnel at most. If there are more, it will definitely affect the civil aviation system and will be difficult to promote in peacetime. However, after the war broke out, these reserve personnel cannot get started immediately. Not to mention, the main fighter of the Republic in Japan in Japan was different from the main fighter of Japan in Japan, so reserve pilots who were conscripted must need time to familiarize themselves with new fighter jets and new combat tactics.

Because of a relatively solid foundation, and the reserve pilots have about four hours of training every year, the average annual training time of regular troops has increased from the early 1900s to the concave hours. This is mainly because fighter jets generally use spiral magnetic induction propulsion systems. They no longer consume expensive aviation fuel and the flight cost is greatly reduced. Therefore, adaptive training only requires energy to be as long as an hour, which is an average of 2 and a half months, and the training content is mainly about mastering new tactics.

The problem is that the training cycle is not long, but there are not many training facilities.

Take the Republic Navy Aviation as an example. By the beginning of the year, there were only 4 aviation training brigades specially used to strengthen the combat skills of reserve pilots. During peacetime, there were only 2 aviation training brigades. According to each brigade's knife-mounted trainer aircraft, each trainer aircraft can train pilots at the same time, and the pilot's training pass rate is around the corner. Then a brigade can only train qualified pilots in one training cycle. Calculated according to two cycles, when landing on Saipan, HNA trained at most, and made famous fighter pilots. Considering that Saipan is the main battlefield, 80% of pilots were sent there. Only about the name pilots were added. During the Saipan landing on Saipan, about four fighter pilots lost by the Republic Navy Aviation, including the wounded.

It can be seen from this that the speed of pilot training by the Republic's Navy Aviation Corps is still the loss speed.

Similar situations exist in the U.S. Navy, that is, more pilots are lost than fighter jets, and replenishing pilots is more difficult than replenishing fighter jets.

Some people regard the landing of Saipan as the first battle made of blood and life in the Pacific War, which is related to the heavy losses of the aviation force.

The problem is that compared with the losses of the Marines, this loss of the aviation force is nothing.

Although it has been mentioned earlier that the Republic Marine Corps relied on the "bee swarm tactic" to unexpectedly land on Saipan Island, and forced the US military to withdraw from Saipan City and retreat to Mount Tapocho, easily obtained a landing ground. After occupying Saipan City, it obtained a dock for transport ships to unload cargo, but in the subsequent battle, the officers and soldiers of the Republic Marine Corps never expected that the US Marine Corps, which was so vulnerable before, would cheer up and explode very much.

Amazing combat effectiveness. What’s more important is that Saipan is a "big island" with an area of ​​nearly kilometers of square meters, a length of more than kilometers from north to south and a width of nearly kilometers from east to west. The highest mountain of Tapocho, the island, is about Garghi. It is a mountain range formed by the eruption of fire, or a huge piece of granite. In addition, the US military built a whole island, with all connections and underground tunnels everywhere. The capture of Saipan is no longer a "seven-day tour of tropical islands. It is such an easy thing.

The second day after the Republic Marines went to the island, that is, the number of casualties exceeded that of the bow.

You must know that in the battle of Di Rentian, there were less than the casualties of officers and soldiers. The murderer!

Ming Zai Li. As the vanguard of the second land brigade arrived in Saipan City, the second battalion of the first land brigade began to advance in Tapoqiao Mountain to the south of the boat.

The nightmare of more than 20,000 Republic Marines began from then on.

On the first day of the attack, "The Marine Corps officers and soldiers spent nearly an old hour, and could not advance until they could persuade the rice. Under the tenacious obstacle of the US military, to be precise, they stopped in front of the defensive position established by the US military based on the underground tunnel system. They placed their hopes of advancement on firepower support.

As night falls, the firepower support fleet called on the stage.

The artillery fire strikes against the US defensive positions lasted for a whole night. Six firecraft and many old warships accompanied the operation threw about 20,000 tons of ammunition into the US positions with an area of ​​less than a square kilometer of force, 20% of which were precise strikes based on the target data provided by the Marine Corps.

The problem is that when the Marines advanced again after dawn, the US troops emerging from the ground became a roadblock again.

On the afternoon of the morning, the fire support fleet arrived again and plowed the US military's defensive positions from beginning to end with dense shells and missiles that were as dense as storms.

It has to be admitted that the US military was very willing to build underground fortifications.

According to post-war field investigations, the US military used specially forged armored steel plates to reinforce every underground tunnel and every underground fortification. According to the location, depth, repetition and other data, the thickness and laying structure of the top armored steel plates were carefully designed, and a bottom bearing system was also set up in some large underground events to strengthen the overall defense capability. Conservative estimates were made that on Saipan alone, the US military used about 10,000 tons of steel to reinforce the underground tunnels with a total area of ​​more than 10,000 square meters and the underground fortifications with a total area of ​​more than 10,000 square meters. Even the underground tunnel with the lowest defense level reached the level of resistance to direct bombardment of kilogram-level electromagnetic cannon shells.

It is conceivable that the second round of firepower support fleet still does not have much effect.

On the afternoon of tomorrow, the land brigade had to stop moving forward and began to seek new offensive tactics.

At this time, many people realized that the landing operation in Saipan would be a very difficult and bloody battle, and among these people were Pei Chengyi, the head of the Republic.

According to Pei Chengyi's order, the third land brigade boarded Saipan on the night of the month and the day.

When the combat plan was formulated, the Marine Corps only prepared three land brigades. At that time, even Pei Chengyi believed that with sufficient firepower support, it was enough to use three land brigades with a total force of nearly 20,000. There is no doubt that from the previous battles, three land brigades were definitely not enough. It is precisely because of this, "Secret" early morning, the Land brigade stationed in the Ryukyu Federation, which is the only combat reserve, boarded a vertical take-off and landing transport aircraft, and through the "Hainan Island" sea base, all arrived at Saipan before Yueli Day. At this point, the Republic Marine Corps participating in the Saipan landing operation had reached 4 brigades. The total force was about 20,000 combatants, so the actual combat effectiveness was equivalent to that of the Army's combat brigades.

To be honest, the Republican authorities are also prepared for the fierce battles on Saipan.

After the attack was blocked, in addition to increasing troops, the Marines were also actively seeking new tactics and more effective offensive methods.

At that time, the first thing that came to mind was the powerful ground drilling ammunition.

According to the Marine Corps' combat records, before the end of the month, the Marine Corps' aviation was organized and was commanded by the Navy Air Force during the battle. Several new ground-boring bombs were used on the island specifically for the attack, especially against the strong lower defense fortifications. These include ground-boring weapons using the fifth-generation tactical nuclear warhead. It is undeniable that the effectiveness of these large-scale weapons is amazing. The Marine Corps can push the front to Mount Tapocho in the month. Occupying the town of Capitol Hill and basically annihilate the US military to the north, which has a lot to do with these ammunition. The problem is that the consequences of large-scale use of large-scale ammunition are also very serious. You must know that Saipan is a volcanic island, to be precise, an island formed by volcanic eruptions. Although the volcano below the island has not been active for tens of thousands of years, Mount Tapocho is just

An extinct volcano, but the Mariana Islands itself is formed by the backlog of Pacific and Philippine plates. To the east of the archipelago is the Mariana Trench with the largest average depth in the world, and the geological activity in the area is very frequent. In the words of geologists, using those explosive ammunition with a power of dozens of tons or even thousands of tons on Saipan is equivalent to sprinkling water into a boiling oil pan, which is a stupid and dangerous move. In fact, on the day of the 10,000-month day of the month, that is, the day when the Marine Corps Air Force first used a thousand-ton tactical nuclear warhead on the island, a magnitude earthquake occurred about 1,000 meters east of Saipan. Although it was a deep-source earthquake. It was not high and did not cause natural disasters such as tsunamis, everyone knew that this earthquake must be related to the combat operations of the Republican army on Saipan and those amazingly powerful ammunitions.

After hundreds of geologists jointly wrote a letter, Pei Chengyi issued an order on the lunar day to prohibit the use of large-power ammunition with an explosion power of more than tons.

Although the Marine Corps soldiers were a little dissatisfied, after all, few soldiers engaged in geology, and not many soldiers would take the words of geologists in mind. However, the head of state's order was still implemented. After all, soldiers are disciplined animals, and no one dared to violate the orders of the Supreme Commander.

If you cannot use powerful weapons, you can only find another way.

In a sense, the Saipan U landing operation lasted for several months, which also had a lot to do with tactical exploration.

In the following battle, the Marine Corps officers and soldiers came up with many ways, such as burying the export of US underground fortifications with bulldozers, or blasting the export of the fortifications with lower fortifications. Some people proposed to pour water into the underground fortifications, and some even suggested using poisonous smoke to smoke the US troops hidden underground. Of course, these methods are not ineffective. Instead, they are too difficult to implement and are not efficient. Take the "burial method" as an example. There are several controllable fusion reactors in the underground defense system of the US military, which can produce oxygen by electrolysis, and have groundwater sources and enough supplies for the defenders to last for half a year. Even if the US military is buried, it does not mean that they are restless. What's more, the US military has been prepared for a long time, for example, it has prepared a lot of drilling equipment and can open exports at other places at any time. No matter how powerful the Republic Marine Corps is, it is impossible to wrap the entire Saipan Island with reinforced concrete and steel plates.

It was not until late in the month that the Marines obtained a powerful weapon that truly made the US military timid, namely the intelligent anti-tunnel ammunition code-named "Boil Terminator".

It is more of an intelligent robot than an ammunition.

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This intelligent robot, equivalent to the size of a basketball, is driven by an energy propeller and is equipped with visible light and infrared cameras, so it can be controlled by soldiers. After entering the tunnel, if communication is disturbed, it can be operated according to predetermined procedures, such as using the equipped small-caliber electromagnetic gun to eliminate living targets in the tunnel, so the robot also has a life sensor, which is specially used to search for living enemies in the tunnel. More importantly, if you encounter underground bunkers, and you cannot be able to get off the enemy's level.

If you enter the bunker before closing the door, if you enter the bunker, the intelligent robot will detonate the explosives you carry. If you directly destroy the bunker, the intelligent robot will use the ultrasonic detection system to detect the bunker. After determining the structure of the bunker, it will switch to the excavation mode and lay the carried explosives on the metal shell outside the bunker. When the explosives are detonated, oscillating waves and infrasound waves that are sufficient to cause death or disability in the bunker will be generated in the bunker in a resonant manner, achieving the goal of killing the living force in the bunker.

It can be said that this is a very cruel weapon.

At the beginning, the US military did not know how to deal with this intelligent weapon. In the late stage of the battle, as the US military figured out the methods of "Boat Terminator" to deal with armored underground fortifications, the US military also found corresponding solutions, such as setting up more sound insulation layers.

The problem is that almost no material can isolate the infrasonic waves, and there is no way to completely eliminate the threat of "bridge terminator". In other words, even if the US military will not be killed by the shock, it will be disabled under the attack of high-intensity infrasonic waves. The infrasonic waves are most likely to damage the brain tissue and nervous system, so the US military officers and soldiers who were disabled by the "bridge terminator" have basically become madmen. According to the information released by the Republic after the war, during the landing of Saipan, almost all captured US military officers and soldiers developed intellectual disabilities. Half of them completely lost their ability to survive. What is more cruel than killing a person must have made him crazy.
To be continued...