Isotope half-life is a very complex and huge topic.

In other words, isotopes themselves are a huge topic.

There are 118 elements that have been known, each of which has several isotopes - of course, this is still the discovery of the spiritual universe.

In this universe, the isotopes of each element are several times or even dozens of times that of the spiritual universe.

Of course, this is nothing. In fact, the subversive zero element [usually written in the human language of the Shenzhou (zero-qi)] seems to be realistic. As long as the spiritual energy is sufficient, the isotope of an element can be infinitely numerous.

In fact, the zero element seems to be an element with "infinitely many isotopes". The most debated issue in recent years in the daily life of Burning Jingu is "Is the element composed of three neutrons and five neutrons the same element?" Is the zero element "an element with a lot of isotopes" or "an element with different types of each family"?

Of course, this is just a matter of internal definition of human beings and does not affect the fact that the universe is. Human beings argue about it in their hopes to limit the "truth" to the system in which "science" can completely pass on what they think and what they are after.

In fact, most isotopes that can only exist in high spirit environments, or elements unique to high spirit environments, will immediately decay or even directly fission when placed in the Yuanling environment.

Therefore, discussing the half-life of an element isotope is actually at the intermediate value of "the lowest spiritual environment that this isotope can exist" and "the highest spiritual environment that this element isotope can exist stably".

After the background spiritual energy reaches a certain level, the isotopes that originally existed in the low spirit environment will not only not decay, but will instead actively absorb neutrons.

During the extinction of the high spirits, water becomes heavy water, and super heavy water is because hydrogen atoms actively absorb cosmic rays or other free neutrons produced by the high spirits in the high spirits.

"The highest level of spiritual energy that this isotope will not actively absorb neutrons" is "the highest level of spiritual energy that this element isotope can stably exist."

Generally speaking, the "highest" of heavy elements is generally higher than that of light elements. In fact, many heavy elements cannot exist stably in low spirit environments.

The Ming tribe lives underground. The centers of many rocky planets are indeed composed of the highest abundance of heavy elements such as iron, and the abundance of cobalt and nickel is also not low. When the planets are formed, more and heavier elements are indeed easy to gather in the core part.

But, the only thing.

"They don't seem to have the concept of 'quality'." Bai Jizhen insisted on his opinion: "How can I detect the existence of isotopes without the appreciation of quality?"

The existence of isotopes is almost impossible to be detected by spiritual consciousness.

The monks could detect the existence of atoms very early. Among the monks of the current Dharma, if the monks of the Killing Physical Stage condensed their spiritual consciousness into a very small area, they would have a slight perception.

But it is strange that after this, no matter how the spiritual consciousness improves in breadth and accuracy, no matter how concentrated it is, the "atoms" you see will not be clearer. For Mahayana monks, atoms are still a kind of "irregular fuzzy clumps."

This is because, further down, if it involves subatomic scale, it involves the issue of the Ethereal Way.

Most high-level monks of civilization can slightly detect the existence of atoms. However, even the more powerful individuals among the immortals are difficult to directly break through this limitation.

And the masters who break through this level mostly have the essence of being one of the past and the future. Among the Tianjun clan, this is not a big or small cadre.

The Ming clan did not have a correct understanding of "ascension" and "extinction" and assumed that the strongest master was the Mahayana period.

Wang Qi himself didn't believe that they had such sophisticated spiritual knowledge.

In response, Wang Qi nodded and admitted: "It's hard for me to believe it. Their spiritual accuracy can at most recognize that there are different types of atoms."

What the spiritual consciousness can confirm is nothing more than the structure of the outermost electrons. At least in the stage of ordinary immortals, this is true.

Except for the excessive elements in the center of the Tiansequence table, all other elements have the same outermost electron number and similar physical properties as other elements in the same column.

In the absence of the concept of "quality", it is common to mistakenly treat elements of the same main clan as the same element.

It is even said that this clan may not necessarily have the concept of "matter" in the conventional sense.

In this case, it is too difficult for them to recognize the concepts of "decay" and "isotope".

Ke Like thought for a moment, but put forward another view: "It is not necessarily impossible. The people of fire generally have... extraordinary perception ability for the Lulu?"

The perception of light and heat among the people of fire cannot be described as conventional "sensitivity". Most people of fire live in areas with extremely strong light and heat. They have no perception of weaker light and heat - just as human hearing has limits.

However, in a specific range, human hearing can also be called "sharp".

They have superhuman perception in electromagnetic radiation - this perception is difficult to describe by the vision, hearing and other feelings known to humans, but a comprehensive perception, with many forms and a wide range.

The world in the eyes of the people of fire is completely different from that in the eyes of the people of land.

"Even if their talent is outstanding," Bai Jizhen still insisted on his opinion: "They have to find a way to separate the nuclides, right? They don't know what 'quality' is!"

The most common isotope separation method is of course centrifugation. As long as the centrifuge speed is fast enough, even isotopes with a very small gap in relative molecular mass can be isolated.

Of course, this method is more advantageous in isotopes of heavy elements.

On Earth, this method is usually used to separate uranium 235 - that is, to create nuclear weapons.

By the way, in some eras, centrifuges of this grade were also used to mix ice crystals, dairy products and air - that is, to make ice cream.

This is also a method used by the human race in China to study isotopes in the early days.

But, it's only in the early days.

As the understanding of atoms continues to deepen, it is very difficult for monks in Shenzhou to prepare isotopes by themselves. Cultivators above the Yuanshen stage can complete the preparation by building a small collision array. Therefore, Shenzhou does not have the various isotope separation methods on earth.

Wang Qi thought carefully: "If you have to say it... there are also people who use electromagnetic field spells to complete isotope separation..."

In fact, he really knows this thing.

In the Nanming Nuclear Research Center, which he has transferred to the Bujue Taoist and does not know whether it still exists, he has also studied related fields and has also started to operate it.

However, his understanding is indeed limited.

What he originally studied was the element zero.

Element zero is completely composed of neutrons and does not contain positive or negative electricity, so it is difficult to separate with spells from the electromagnetic field.

"I think... they live in a high temperature and high pressure environment. It is basically impossible to rely on the third substance to use physical properties or solution extraction... However, the number of neutrons in different isotope nuclei is different, and the relative molecular mass varies greatly, so the properties of thermal motion are significantly different..."

"The method of heat diffusion." Ke Like said in a little nostalgic tone: "When I first entered the Tao, this was a somewhat famous achievement. Look at it now, you young people have never heard of it."

Wang Qi nodded: "They have some experience in controlling heat energy..."

As of now, it is far less than the level of the skills of the True Flame God that is nearly Tao. The spells born by the Ming clan are still mainly based on Yuan Magnet. However, this is the natural advantage of the people of fire. Even the people of fire with the worst talent are stronger than the vast majority of people of fire after training.

——As for why we are not saying that we are stronger than all or the strongest people in the land... that is because the dragon clan alone greatly increases the upper limit of people in the land.

Wang Qi analyzed: "It is very likely that they can detect half-life directly by observing radiation and long-term observation of changes in metal properties. But this prerequisite is that they need to purify some isotopes... and they have to be stored in areas with high temperature and high pressure, all of which are fluids."

"If you want to complete these, you must know how to refine your weapons... Speaking of which, I haven't seen these fire people use even one magic weapon these days?"

The people of fire have almost no static quality. Therefore, when their cultivation is not high, they can use the unearthed escape method that is beyond the reach of the immortals.

But in contrast, they cannot even carry a gram of substance.

But this does not mean that the Fire People cannot use tools.

As long as you are willing to give up the escape talent that is not too difficult to reach sub-light speed, you can exchange it for the right to use tools.

The True Flame God is the example of this. If they dissipate the ice around them, they can escape at an extremely high speed.

——So the one who was suppressed by Wang Qi was purely in trouble, and was so hurt that it was inseparable from the Ice City.

Another way is to use magic tools that also have no static mass.

A ball of magnetic field solidified by special spiritual power, a ball of electrons, a ball of photons, etc.

Although liquid magic tools are not common, they do exist. Although the ability to bind a ball of photons is far more difficult than refining a ball of water into a magic weapon, it is not impossible to do it after all.

But there was no magic weapon of this kind in the Ming clan - they did not transform nature except to transform the planet's natural magnetic energy to build roads and houses. They did not use tools at all.
Chapter completed!