The Tang Dynasty was strong and the palace gardens of Chang'an City were magnificent. There was Taiye Pond in the north of the Daming Palace, and Penglai Mountain was located alone in the pool. More than 400 corridors were built around the pool. Xingqing Palace was centered on the Longchi and surrounded by many courtyards. The three courtyards of Danei are the most beautiful. There are rockery, lake pools, and canals in the garden. There are Furong Garden and Qujiang Pond in the southeast corner of Chang'an City, which are open to the public for a certain period of time. It is actually a public amusement place in ancient times.

The Ligong Villa in the Tang Dynasty was more famous. The Jiucheng Palace in Tiantai Mountain in Linyou County is the summer palace that escapes the summer palace; the Huaqing Palace at the foot of Mount Li in Lintong County is the winter palace that escapes the cold.

Daming Palace

The site is on Longshouyuan, northeast of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province. In the eighth year of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty (634), Emperor Taizong Li Shimin built Yong'an Palace in the forbidden garden in the northeast corner of Chang'an Palace City to provide for his father Li Yuan's summer vacation, and renamed it Daming Palace the following year. In the second year of Longshuo (662), Emperor Gaozong Li Zhi expanded it and once renamed Penglai Palace. Later, it became the main place for Emperors of the Tang Dynasty to live and rule in Chang'an. It was destroyed in the late Tang Dynasty. In 1961, his site was designated as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

The Daming Palace is high on Longshouyuan, facing Zhongnan Mountain from afar, overlooking Chang'an City, with a grand scale and a magnificent momentum. The palace city is irregularly rectangular, wide in the south and narrow in the north. The north wall is 1,135 meters long, the south wall (that is, a section of the north wall of Chang'an City) is 1,674 meters long, the west wall is perpendicular to the north wall, 2,256 meters long, and the east wall is inclined and winding. There are three parallel east-west palace walls in the palace city. All palace walls are rammed earth walls, and bricks are only laid on the inner and outer surfaces at the junction of the same city gate and at the corners of the city wall. The city foundation is more than 13 meters wide, more than 1 meter deep, and more than 10 meters wide at the bottom of the city wall.

There is Jiacheng parallel to the three walls on the east, north and west sides of the city. Jiacheng on the west and east sides of the east sides of the city are 55 meters away from the palace city, and Jiacheng on the north side of the city is 160 meters away from the palace city. Danfeng Gate in the middle of the south wall of the palace city is the main gate, with Yanzheng and Wangxian Gate in the east, Jianfu and Xing'an Gate in the west; there is the right Yintai Gate in the middle of the west wall, and Jiuxian Gate in the north; there is the left Yintai Gate in the east wall; there is Xuanwu Gate in the middle of the north wall, with Yinhan Gate in the east, Qingxiao Gate in the west, and Chongxuan Gate in the north of the Xuanwu Gate. The area around the north gate was the garrison of the North Ya Imperial Guards at that time, which was related to the safety of the palace, so it was not

Three gates are set up within 0 meters (including the heavy gate inside Xuanwu Gate), and the base of the gate is still there.

According to records, the Daming Palace is divided into two parts: Outer Dynasty and inner court. The outer court follows the three dynasties system of the Tang Taiji Palace, and the Daming Hanyuan Hall is arranged along the north-south axis, the Riding Zheng Hall, and the Zichen Hall is often facing the Zichen Hall. There are several halls and lofts on the east and west sides of the three halls. The outer court also has several official offices, such as the Secretariat, Menxia Province, Hongwen Hall, and Historical Hall. The inner court is centered on the Taiye Pond. Penglai Mountain is built in the pond, and the surrounding halls are arranged in the pond. The surrounding halls, pavilions and pavilions are robe, and the sleeping halls are located in the south of the pond. This is a place for emperors and concubines to live and relax. The specific locations of each hall need to be determined by further archaeological excavation.

Hanyuan Hall, the first palace on the central axis of the Daming Palace. It is a place for important ceremonies and ceremonies. Hanyuan Hall uses the Longshouyuan Highland as the foundation of the hall. The remaining ruins are more than 10 meters above the south floor. There are rammed earth walls on the east, north and west sides of the hall, and white ash smearing surfaces. The hall is 11 rooms wide, each with a width of more than 5 meters and a depth of 4 rooms. The north wall is 5 meters away from the center of the north inner trench column, and the inner trench column is 9.8 meters north and south span, and there are secondary stairs surrounding the hall. There is a square column foundation on the hall site, and the square parts below are 1 in length and width.

4 meters, 0.52 meters high, the upper convex raspberry is 10 cm high and the upper diameter is 84 cm. From the size of this component alone, the scale of Hanyuan Hall can be seen. The Longwei Path in front of the hall is 75 meters long, the flat section of the pavement is paved with plain square bricks, and the slope is paved with lotus square bricks. On both sides are bluestone hooks with stone pillars and dragon heads. In front of the east and west sides of the Hanyuan Hall are Xiangluan and Qifeng Pavilion, which are connected to Hanyuan Hall in a curved-shaped corridor. This group of huge palace buildings reflects the majestic style of Tang Dynasty architecture and has become an example of later palaces.

Linde Hall is a place where the emperor holds banquets, watches acrobatics, dances and Buddhist activities. It is located on the west high ground of Taiye Lake, 90 meters away from the west wall of the palace city. The rammed earth on the base of the palace ruins is built with brick walls around it, which is more than 130 meters long from north to south, about 77 meters wide from east to west, and two floors above and below. The hall and corridors are built on the upper base. Linde Hall consists of the front hall, the middle hall and the back hall. The middle hall is the main hall, with 9 rooms wide from east to west (except for one of the two gables), and 5 rooms deep from north to south. There are two partitions in the hall, which divide the hall into three parts: east, middle and west, and middle.

There are 5 rooms in the section, 2 rooms on both sides, and the ground is 0.2 meters wide. The front hall is also 9 rooms wide from east to west. The two mountains are in line with the central hall, with no walls in front and back. The two rooms at both ends are 4 rooms deep, 7 rooms in depth in the middle, and 3 rooms in the ground. The back hall is separated by a wall, and the two mountains are in line with the central hall, with three rooms deep, and the ground is paved with square bricks. The hall is surrounded by a corridor. The east side of the back hall is Yuyi Tower, and the west side is adjacent to the central hall, and the east pavilion and the west pavilion are in front of the two buildings. The towers and pavilions are all built on rammed earth platforms. The pavilions and pavilions set off the three halls, forming a group of large-scale buildings with the characteristics of the Tang Dynasty.

Xingqing Palace

The site is located in the eastern suburbs of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province. It is one of the three imperial palaces in Chang'an, Tang Dynasty, and the other two are Daming Palace and Taiji Palace. In the second year of Kaiyuan (714), it was built in Xingqingfang, where the former residence of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, the house of the fifth prince. The palace is asymmetrically arranged, with a larger garden area in the south, which has the nature of a Ligong. It was destroyed in the first year of Tianyou (904).

According to records, Xingqing Palace is divided into two parts: north and south by an east-west wall. The north is the palace area, the main gate Xingqing Gate is on the west wall; the south is the garden area. The east is connected to the Daming Palace through Jiacheng. The main hall is Xingqing Hall, and the main buildings are Datong Hall, Nanxun Hall, Xinshe Hall, etc. The Longshou Canal runs across the palace area and passes through the east-west wall on the east side of Yingzhou Gate and pours into the Longchi in the garden area. The garden area is centered on Longchi, and there is a Chenxiang Pavilion in the northeast corner. To the southwest of the palace, there are Qinzhengwu Building and Hua'e Xianghui Tower, which was announced by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, who announced the amnesty, changed the reign, received surrender, congratulations, and received the meeting.

The place where the whole palace has no overall central axis, which is rare in ancient palace buildings. The site is 1,250 meters north and south and 1,080 meters east and west. In 1958, excavated within the site, one of which is five rooms wide, 26.5 meters long, three rooms deep and 19 meters wide. In the middle of the building, the doorway is not only opened in the Ming room, but also the rammed earth platform on the west side, and the outside of the earth platform is connected to the south palace wall. This site was once considered to be the ruins of the Qinzhengwu Building. However, some people believe that it is not in line with the locations contained in the documents.

Qujiangchi

A famous scenic spot in the Tang Dynasty in China was named in the southeast corner of Chang'an City in the Tang Dynasty. It was named after the twists and turns of water. It was called Kaizhou in the Qin Dynasty, and the Li Palace was built, and the canal was opened here in the Han Dynasty, "Yichun Houyuan" and "Leyouyuan". During the Sui Dynasty, Yuwen Kai dug the land into a pond. Emperor Wen of Sui called the pond "Furong Pool" and called the garden "Furong Garden". The name of "Qujiang Pool" was restored during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, and the garden was still called "Furong Garden". According to records, during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, water was induced and flowed into Qujiang from the outside of the city through the Huangqu, and the building was added to Furong Garden. Furong Garden occupies a section of Yifang in the southeast corner of the city and highlights the outside of the city. It has walls around it. The total area of ​​the garden is about 2.4 square kilometers. Qujiang Pool is located in the west of the garden.

The water surface is about 0.7 square kilometers. The whole garden is dominated by waterscapes, with a natural scenery and winding coastlines, so you can take a boat ride. Aquatic plants such as lotus and calamus are planted in the pond. Pavilions and pavilions appear between flowers and trees. Qujiang Pond in the Tang Dynasty is a famous scenic spot in Chang'an, and is open regularly. All people can visit. Zhonghe (the first day of the second lunar month), Shangsi (the third day of the third lunar month). Zhongyuan (the fifteenth day of July), Chongyang (the ninth day of September) and the dark day of each month (the end of the month) are also very lively. The pool site is still there, and the garden facilities have been lost. Report supplementary answer: There were three palace areas in Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty, namely Taiji Palace, Daming Palace and Xingqing Palace. These three palace cities were not built at the same time, nor were they the center of emperor's life at the same time.

Tai Chi Palace was built in the Sui Dynasty and was called Daxing Palace at that time. The two emperors in the early Tang Dynasty mainly lived in Tai Chi Palace. The Daming Palace was originally a palace that was used to avoid the use of the government. Emperor Gaozong of Tang was afraid of dampness in middle age because of wind numbness, so he moved to the cool and dry Daming Palace. The expanded Daming Palace has since become the main residence of the Emperor of Tang. The predecessor of Xingqing Palace was the residence before Emperor Xuanzong ascended the throne. After Emperor Xuanzong ascended the throne, he expanded the place to form another palace area. The scale of Xingqing Palace was not as large as that of Tai Chi Palace and Daming Palace, but the decoration was extremely gorgeous. During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong, he became the center of the emperor's rule and life.

During the Anshi Rebellion, Xingqing Palace was severely damaged. Emperors of the Later Tang Dynasty generally did not live here.

Tai Chi Palace was first built and was recognized as a formal palace city. The main gate of Tai Chi Palace is Chengtian Gate, and the front hall of Tai Chi Palace is Tai Chi Hall. Every New Year's Day, Winter Solstice, and the general amnesty of the world and other major festivals and other major festivals, and foreign envoys come to the meeting, the emperor will attend the ceremony at Chengtian Gate, and hold a banquet and music during which the Tai Chi Hall is the place where the emperor pays his respects to the ministers and handles government affairs.

The northern gate of Taiji Hall is called Xuanwu Gate. Xuanwu represents the north. According to astrological signs, Xuanwu is a star constellation composed of seven constellations in the north. In mythology, Xuanji is the god of the north, a water god that combines turtles and snakes. The incident of Li Shimin's battle for the throne, which had great historical significance in the Tang Dynasty, happened here.

In the Tang Dynasty, there was a clear distinction between the inner and outer dynasties of the palace. To the north of the Taiji Hall, dozens of palaces, including Liangyi Hall, constitute the inner dynasty, which was the place where the emperor, prince, and concubines lived. The inner dynasty was also divided into the east and west routes, and the east route was called the East Palace, which was the place where the prince lived and studied. The west route was the Yeting Palace, which was the residence of the emperor and the concubines. Liangyi Hall was the main hall of the inner dynasty, which was located on the central axis, and the emperor often held daily affairs here. After the middle of the Tang Dynasty, the funerals of the emperors and the descendants were often held here. The Ganlu Hall and the Shenlong Hall, north of the Liangyi Hall, were the palaces where the emperor lived in the middle of the Tang Dynasty. The sleeping halls of the emperors in the Tang Dynasty were called the Changsheng Hall, which took their auspicious meaning. In "The Song of Everlasting Sorrow", "The Changsheng Hall on July 7th" was the sleeping hall of the emperor in Huaqing Palace.

There are three pools in Tai Chi Palace, namely the East Sea Pond, the North Sea Pond, and the South Sea Pond, which are where emperors and concubines sail. According to historical records, when the Xuanwu Gate incident occurred, Emperor Gaozu of Tang, Li Yuan, was sailing in the pond. It can be seen that the Tang Tai Chi Palace was very large, and in the Haichi in the north of the palace, there was no movement from the Xuanwu Gate.

The Daming Palace is located in the east of Tai Chi Palace, so it is also called the East Nei. The Daming Palace was originally the back garden of Tai Chi Palace, close to Longshou Mountain, and is higher than the Tai Chi Palace. Longshou Mountain is located on the shore of the Wei River and faces eastward. The top of the mountain is twenty feet high, and the tail of the mountain is six or seventy feet high. The Weiyang Palace in the Han Dynasty is located at the height of Longshou Mountain in the east, so the Weiyang Palace is higher than Chang'an City. The Daming Palace in the Tang Dynasty is also located in the east of Weiyang Palace, and the foundation is higher.

After the expansion of the Daming Palace, the regulations are larger than that of the Tai Chi Palace, and it is built on the mountain, which is magnificent. The main hall of the Daming Palace, Hanyuan Hall, is located on a three-meter-high platform base, and the entire hall is four feet higher than the flat ground. From a distance, Hanyuan Hall is leaning against the blue sky, tall and majestic, and intimidating. The emperor is in Hanyuan Hall, and can look down at Chang'an City at his feet. There are three "Dragon Tail Roads" in front of the hall, which are the steps for the ground to rise into the hall. The Dragon Tail Road is divided into three layers, with bluestone railings on both sides, with the upper railings engraved with dragon head patterns, and the middle and lower railings engraved with lotus patterns. These two symbols of water are used to remove fire.

There are two pavilions in front of Hanyuan Hall, and there are bell towers and drum towers in front of the pavilion. Whenever the court meeting is held, the officials who attend court stand under the bell towers and wait to enter the court under the supervision of the censor. When the court meeting is held, the censor and the counselor stand on both sides of the railings on the upper floor of Longwei Road.

The Daming Palace and its foundation, Longshou Mountain, seem to form a dragon map. The Dragonshou Mountain is the head, and the Hanyuan Palace holds the tail belly, and it controls the giant dragon. The dragon tail path in front of the hall, the stairs of the liner and the shaped like a dragon tail.

The Xuanzheng Hall behind Hanyuan Hall is a place where the emperor pays attention to his ministers and governs every day. There are gates in the east and west corridors of Xuanzheng Hall, Rihua Gate in the east and Yuehua Gate in the west, outside the gate is the government office, history museum and academies. The Zichen Hall behind Hanyuan Hall is the emperor's inner hall. The emperor can meet important or close ministers in the inner hall and handle government affairs. Working in the inner hall can avoid many etiquettes of working in the inner hall. After the purple hall, there are large scattered palace groups, and the emperor can play and live at will.

The largest palace in the Daming Palace is the Linde Hall, which consists of three halls in front, middle and back. It was also called the "Three Halls" at that time, and its area is three times that of the Supreme Hall of the Forbidden City in Beijing. The grand banquets in the palace were mostly held in the Linde Hall.

In the Daming Palace, the central axis surrounds the north is the location of Taiye Pond. Tang Taiye Pond and Han Taiye Pond have the same name, but one is in the palace and the other is outside the city. Tang Taiye Pond serves the emperor and empress to boat and enjoy the moon. There are pavilions in the pool, and corridors and palaces are built around the pool. The emperor often banquets the ministers in Taiye Pond.

In addition to the three palaces in the Tang Dynasty, there were three large gardens, namely the West Neiyuan, the East Neiyuan, and the Forbidden Garden.

The Xi Neiyuan is north of Taiji Palace, and there are several palaces in the garden. Among them, Hongyi Guan was the place where Li Shimin lived when he was the King of Qin. After ascending the throne, he changed his name to Da'an Palace. In the fourth year of Zhenguan, Li Yuan, the Emperor Gaozu who retired to the Supreme Emperor, moved to Da'an Palace. In the ninth year of Zhenguan, Li Yuan died of illness in the Chuigong Hall of Da'an Palace. The Dong'an Palace is located on the southeast corner of Daming Palace.

There are Chenghui Hall, Longshou Hall, Kanle Hall, and Bianchang Pavilion Hall; there is Lingfu Yingsheng Courtyard, which was collapsed here by Emperor Xizong of Tang Dynasty; there is a Dragonshou Pond, which leads the Dragonshou Canal to inject water into it, and then the pond is filled and converted into Juchang. There are Xiaorenfang, Neijiafang, and Yumafang.
Chapter completed!