The theory of the Five Emperors began with the theory of the Five Elements and Five Virtues, but it did not create something out of nothing.

The inspiration comes from ancient emperors, such as Yanhuang. These two emperors have been respected as Yan Emperor and Huang Emperor since ancient times.

One represents fire, shining on all directions, and the other represents earth, and virtue carries things.

Among the oracle bone inscriptions unearthed from the Shang Dynasty, a particularly grand and extremely high-standard treatment was used to worship an ancestor called "Huang".

Some narrow school of history are still talking about who this "Huang" is, saying that he is not necessarily Huangdi, and I really have nothing to say.

Since ancient times, except for Huangdi, I believe that there is no ancestor who can only use the word "Huang".

In short, although the current Five Emperors were only defined during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

But in ancient times, there were still names like Huangdi, Yandi, and Baidi, but they just didn't systematically create the Five Emperors because the theory of the Five Elements is not yet mature.

As time goes by, the theory of the Five Elements becomes more and more mature, so people in the Zhou Dynasty wanted to gather the Five Emperors to choose the top five with the highest popularity and contributions, representing the five elements of water, wood, metal, fire, and earth.

The Emperor was the common ruler of the Chinese nation in ancient times.

But there are more than five emperors.

In terms of quantity, at least ten emperors, the original text of the Shanhai Sutra is called: Crown Emperors, or Crown Emperors

If you have to choose five, then Yanhuang will definitely be included in it, and there is no doubt that it will be.

And the other three must be listed with Yan Huang. Then, in my heart, the first one must be Emperor Zhuanxu!

No one doesn’t know these two words, right? I read to me: I’m very impatient...

Zhuanxu was born in Ruoshui, stood in Kongsang, and was named Gaoyang, representing winter. Later generations regarded the theory of the five virtues, and respected his name as the Black Emperor, and was ranked in Yanhuang, which belonged to the northern Xuanshui.

Yanhuang is the supreme, followed by Zhuanxu.

First of all, everything starts with the "Shan Hai Jing".

In the Shanhai Jing, Zhuanxu appeared many times, so let’s talk about his origin first.

"The Classic of Hai Nei": The east of the quicksand, the west of the black water, there is a country of Chaoyun, and the country of Siji. Huangdi's wife Leizu gave birth to Changyi. Changyi descended to Ruoshui and gave birth to Han Liu. Han Liu raised his head, cautious ears, human face, pig's beak, lint body, canal trunk, pig's trunk, pig's trunk, pig's trunk, pig's trunk, pig's trunk, and pig's trunk, and took Naozi to A Nu, and gave birth to Emperor Zhuanxu.

We can tell at first glance that Zhuanxu is a descendant of Huangdi.

However, Huangdi has many children, and Changyi is just one of them. He is the legitimate son because he was born to Huangdi's wife, Lazu.

Here we only talk about Changyi's lineage, and was surrendered to Ruoshui and stayed in the fiefdom, gave birth to Han Liu, and then Han Liu gave birth to Emperor Zhuanxu.

The current version of Shanhai Jing is written as Lei Zu and Qianhuang as Hanpu, which is probably a mistake in copying. At least other classics are all written about Qianhuang, and they are all about Shaozu.

Here I want to mention that in the Mountains and Seas, sometimes the names of Emperor Zhuanxu and Emperor Yao are written, and sometimes there is only one word, "Emperor", what's wrong? Who's the fate of "Emperor".

According to my understanding, there may be part of this, which is a problem in the writer's era.

There are many authors of Shanhai Jing, some of whom were from the Yao and Shun period, some were from the Dayu period, some were from the Xia Dynasty, and even from the Shang and Zhou periods.

If the recorder was in the era of Emperor Yao, then when he wrote about Yao, he would not write the word Emperor Yao, but instead wrote the word "Emperor".

Any paragraph that writes a specific emperor's title means that in the era in which the person who wrote this passage is in, the emperor is dead...

When we look at the Mountains and Seas, we often see some words, and only write "Emperor", which makes many scholars confused at all. Who is this referring to... so many emperors, which emperor are you writing about?

In addition, Emperor Zhuanxu's Zhuanxu is not necessarily the name of Zhuanxu. In its ancient Chinese hieroglyphic meaning, Zhuan refers to a decent and noble person, and Xu refers to wearing a jade crown.

Therefore, Zhuanxu means a noble person wearing a jade crown.

The mainstream academic community believes that this is the posthumous title of Zhuanxu. Because the two words Zhuanxu, if you are talking about posthumous titles, are the meaning of those who are precisely based on the laws of heaven and are a very positive title.

But, I wondered if this is not a name? My parents are educated, can't I give me a better name? Even if I call Ritian, who can control me?

In addition, there is a third possibility, Zhuanxu is the totem of his own clan.

Sometimes a name is called in "Shan Hai Jing", which may not necessarily refer to a person. It may be a title, or even a country name or totem!

For example, in my first article, Kuafu and Yinglong, I think that Kuafu refers to a clan, and Yinglong is also. It is not a single person.

Kuafu means giant, Yinglong is a dragon with wings.

I think this is the totem of these two clans, the country name... Kuafu Kingdom holding high the totem of snake giants, and Yinglong Kingdom holding high the totem of pterosaurs.

There are many similar situations. I will give you an example mentioned earlier. "The Great Wilderness Southern Classic": A man with a sturdy head faces a bird's beak, with wings, eats fish in the sea, and walks with wings. Viagra chard, and poplar is a food. A country with a sturdy head.

As mentioned here before, it feels like depicting a penguin. Finally, it was clearly written, "The country with a stable head".

In other words, this clearly describes the name of a "country". The country at that time did not mean the current country, but more of a region or clan tribe. This habit remains until later generations.

For example, in the administrative division of Han prefectures and counties, Yanzhou has Jibei Kingdom, Chenliu Kingdom, Rencheng Kingdom, and Dongping Kingdom. These four "countries" are actually the same as the county. Jizhou also has Zhao Kingdom and Zhongshan Kingdom, Yuzhou also has Liang Kingdom, and Pei Kingdom... This situation did not disappear completely until the Song Dynasty.

Huangdi was the founding of the country of Xiong, because the name of the place is the name of that place, and there are many bears in that place... Houyi was the king of Youguo, because "poor" was his totem, I wrote it in the main text of the Blue and White Society, and the meaning of "poor" is the bow.

There are countless examples like this, such as Yu, Xia, and Youxin... There are too many similar names.

This was the cultural habit at that time, and I prefer that this is actually a description of the mascot, specialty, or totem of the clan of that country or region.

The Kingdom of Youxiong also means that this clan tribe has many bears. The totems of the Kingdom of Youxiong are arc-shaped bows because they are good at creating bows.

Then, the totem of the 'land with a stable head' is the penguin.

There is also 'Huang Emperor gave birth to Luo Ming, Luo Ming gave birth to white horse, and the white horse is Gun.' Here, the white horse is Gun, which means that he is also called Gun and Bai Horse. I prefer that Gun is his real name and the white horse is his totem.

Therefore, Zhuanxu can also be the totem of the Black Emperor clan, or the special product of the Black Emperor clan is the noble jade crown. Or he named his direct power, or the family forces directly under his command, as: The Kingdom of the noble jade crown.

Someone may say, "What is your basis?"

Because we are interpreting the Mountain and Sea Sutra, I can only take out the original text "The Great Wilderness Southern Sutra": "There is a country called Zhuanxu, who gave birth to Bofu and ate millet."

It is clearly stated here that there is a country! There is a country! There is a country!

Therefore, Zhuanxu is a country name, not a simple name.

However, although it is not a name, according to ancient customs, it can be called as a human name. For example, you can call any person from Kuafu, call him by the land name, or use his totem to call him. This habit not only appears in the Shanhai Jing, but also in a large number of ancient books in the pre-Qin period. In fact, it is equivalent to calling someone now: Wanwan.

In short, Zhuanxu's original meaning refers to a country, but usually it also refers to an individual. It is normal for the chief to represent the entire tribe.

There are three statements, you wise people should have a wise opinion.

Going back to the topic, I think the author of the Shanhai Sutra who wrote the sentence "Emperor Zhuanxu" was probably from the time when Zhuanxu was dead.

But we can directly believe that the person who wrote about the "Emperor" but did not write which emperor is. We can directly believe that the person who recorded the person was from the age of the Five Emperors in ancient times, when the Xia Dynasty was not yet established. He was in a period when a certain emperor was still alive and a certain emperor was still in power.

Although it is not a lot of evidence, it can be thought emotionally that the passage written by such an ancient sage is extremely credible and is the most original text in the Shanhai Jing.

This logic is easy to understand.

Based on this logic, we can divide the other two situations.

That is, is it possible to describe two concepts by calling the word "Zhuanxu" and the respectful title of "Emperor Zhuanxu".

For example, "The Northern Classic of Great Wilderness": Zhuanxu gave birth to the sturdy head, and the sturdy head gave birth to the Miao people, the Miao people and the people eating meat.

The recorder here called out the word "Zhuanxu".

The original text of the Chinese classics we published earlier is respectfully called "Emperor Zhuanxu".

The former calls Zhuanxu directly, and I can think that he actually refers to the Black Emperor, but to the Zhuanxu Kingdom.

Born does not necessarily mean giving birth. If these two nouns are clans, totems, and country names, then they should be derived.

In other words, the country of Zhuanxu was derived from the country of Fengtou. The country of Fengtou also produced the country of Miao people. The people of Miao people eat meat.

Note that the people here do not mean ordinary people, but the meaning of the words has long changed.

During the Five Emperors' reign, the people refer to all the "persons with surnames". For example, those with surnames Ji, those with surnames Si, and those with surnames Jiang... Huangdi broke the "people" system of the Jiuli tribe and established the people's system. His own tribesmen and descendants were enfeoffed everywhere and granted their brand new surnames.

In the early days, there were about fourteen, collectively called people. If you don’t have these fourteen surnames, you don’t have people, even if you have other surnames.

In the later period, there were more and more surnames, but they were all descendants of various emperors and their feudals.

In fact, it was a class reshuffle. Originally, the system under Chiyou ruled was that everyone was a "people", that is, the "blackhead" and the meaning of "Qianshou". It can be understood that everyone's surname is Li, and there are only minor differences among the clans. It can be seen from the names of the tribe: Li Tan, Li Ju, Li Lian, Li Po...

The Litan tribe is under the jurisdiction of the Chiyou family and is also the co-lord of Jiuli (all Li).

After Huangdi defeated Chiyou, this system became a system of the people, from being a family to countless families... Although most of them were dominated by descendants of Huangdi, society became complicated because of this. Until five hundred years later, it was no longer a family...

It was not Dayu who truly opened up the private world and transferred public-owned society to private society, but Huangdi. Of course, this is extremely advanced.

When the people were divided, they were actually divided into princes. At that time, the people were powerful people, not surnames granted by Huangdi or various emperors later. If they obtained their own surnames casually, they were not considered surnames. A large number of non-people can only be called people.

The surname is just that, and people at that time were memorizing it. If someone traveled to ancient times and said that he was a commoner, not only would he not neglect, but the local nobles would also receive you and ask if you were from Xun or Ren. You said that your surname was Ma. When the other person's face changed, he knew that there was no such thing among the people. He thought you were humiliating him, and maybe he would just shout: drag his horse out for sacrifice.

It's gone far.

In short, the one who calls Zhuanxu is not necessarily the Black Emperor himself. Although the Black Emperor can usually represent the entire tribe alone, the word itself refers to a collective.

But if you respectfully call it "Emperor Zhuanxu", it undoubtedly refers to the Black Emperor himself, and refers to a dedicated and specific individual.

Or simply call it Emperor Gaoyang, who is the Black Emperor's clan.

I will post it again, "The Classic of Hai Nei": "The east of the quicksand, the west of the black water, there is a country of Chaoyun, and the country of Shiji. Huangdi's wife Leizu gave birth to Changyi. Changyi descended to Ruoshui and gave birth to Han Liu. Han Liu raised his head, listened to the human face, pig's beak, lint body, canal trunk, and pig's trunk, and took Naozi to call him A Nu, and gave birth to Emperor Zhuanxu."

Regarding Zhuanxu's life experience, Confucianism is very domineering.

I will post a passage of Zhuanxu's life experience in the Records of the Grand Historian, and you will understand it.

"Records of the Grand Historian": "Emperor Zhuanxu Gaoyang is the grandson of Huangdi and the son of Changyi."

"Huangdi lived in the hills of Xuanyuan and married the daughter of Xiling clan, and was named Lazu. Lazu was the main concubine of Huangdi, and had two sons. All of them were in the world. One was called Xuanxiao, which was Qingyang. Qingyang descended to the river water, and the other was Changyi, which descended to Ruoshui."
To be continued...